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Establishing a conceptual framework of the impact of placental malaria on infant neurodevelopment

Harriet L S Lawford1, Anne Cc Lee2, Sailesh Kumar1

  • 1Mothers, Babies and Women's Health Program, Mater Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia.

International Journal of Infectious Diseases : IJID : Official Publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases
|April 28, 2019
PubMed

A novel conceptual framework to describe the relationship between placental malaria and adverse infant neurodevelopmental outcomes is proposed. This conceptual framework includes three distinct stages: (1) maternal and environmental risk factors for the development of placental malaria; (2) placental pathology and inflammation associated with placental malaria infection; and (3) postnatal impacts of placental malaria. The direct, indirect, and bidirectional effects of these risk factors on infant neurodevelopment across the three stages were critically examined. These factors ultimately culminate in an infant phenotype that not only leads to adverse birth outcomes, but also to increased risks of neurological, cognitive, and behavioural deficits that may impact the quality of life in this high-risk population. Multiple risk factors were identified in this conceptual framework; nonetheless, based on current evidence, a key knowledge gap is the uncertainty regarding which are the most important and how exactly they interact.

Keywords:
MalariaMalaria in pregnancyNeurodevelopmentPlacental malaria

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