Long-term corneal subbasal nerve plexus regeneration after laser in situ keratomileusis

To analyze the recovery of the subbasal nerve plexus in corneas treated with laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) at least 10 years prior compared with nonoperated corneas.

Clínica Novovisión, Madrid, Spain.

Prospective nonrandomized observational study.

Eyes that had LASIK surgery at least 10 years before (LASIK group) were compared with nonoperated healthy eyes (control group). The subbasal nerve plexus morphology (main nerves density, nerve length, nerve branches density, grade of nerve tortuosity, and reflectivity) and the dendritic cell density from the confocal images obtained with the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph II were analyzed.

The study comprised 47 eyes (27 eyes in the LASIK group and 20 eyes in the control group). The values were significantly lower in the LASIK group compared with the control group in main nerves density (9.15 nerves/mm² ± 3.46 [SD] versus 11.75 ± 2.86 nerves/mm²; P = .009) and nerve branches density (2.96 ± 1.99 nerves/mm² versus 5.35 ± 3.05 nerves/mm²; P = .002). No significant differences were found in nerve length, grade of nerve tortuosity, dendritic cell density, or subbasal nerve plexus reflectivity between the two groups.

The outcomes suggested that the subbasal corneal nerve plexus did not completely recover its preoperative pattern at least 10 years after LASIK. Both main nerves density and nerve branches density continued to be significantly lower compared with virgin corneas after a mean 13-year follow-up, although other parameters of nerve morphology (nerve length, tortuosity, and reflectivity) returned to normal levels.