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Related Concept Videos

Pneumothorax-I01:26

Pneumothorax-I

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A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.
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Pneumothorax-II01:27

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Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:
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Tension01:10

Tension

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Tension is a force along the length of a medium, in particular, a force carried by a flexible medium, such as a rope or cable. The word "tension" comes from Latin, meaning "to stretch". Not coincidentally, the flexible cords that carry muscle forces to other parts of the body are called tendons. Any flexible connector, such as a string, rope, chain, wire, or cable, can exert pull only parallel to its length; so, a force carried by a flexible connector is a tension with a...
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Surface Tension, Capillary Action, and Viscosity02:57

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Surface Tension
The various IMFs between identical molecules of a substance are examples of cohesive forces. The molecules within a liquid are surrounded by other molecules and are attracted equally in all directions by the cohesive forces within the liquid. However, the molecules on the surface of a liquid are attracted only by about one-half as many molecules. Because of the unbalanced molecular attractions on the surface molecules, liquids contract to form a shape that minimizes the number...
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Surface Tension of Fluid01:22

Surface Tension of Fluid

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Surface tension is a fundamental property of fluids, occurring at the boundary between a liquid and a gas or between two immiscible liquids. This phenomenon arises from the cohesive forces between molecules at the fluid's surface, creating an effect similar to a stretched elastic membrane. Inside each fluid, molecules are equally attracted in all directions by neighboring molecules, but surface molecules experience a net inward force, resulting in surface tension.
Surface tension varies...
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Surface Tension and Surface Energy01:16

Surface Tension and Surface Energy

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When a paint brush is immersed in water, the bristles wave freely inside the water. When it is taken out, the bristles stick together. The reason behind this effect is surface tension.
Consider a beaker filled with liquid. The bulk molecules in the liquid experience equal attractive forces on all sides with the surrounding molecules. However, the surface molecules experience a net attractive force downward due to the bulk molecules. The surface of the liquid behaves like a stretched membrane,...
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Novel and Innovative Hybrid Technique for Type A Aortic Dissection
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Type A aortic dissection associated with tension pneumothorax.

Takashi Nihira1, Naoki Yamada1

  • 1Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Fukui Hospital, Fukui, Japan.

The American Journal of Emergency Medicine
|April 29, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Type A aortic dissection can occur with tension pneumothorax, a rare but critical association. Persistent vital sign instability after pneumothorax decompression warrants further investigation for aortic dissection.

Keywords:
Aortic dissectionEmergency medicineTension pneumothorax

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Thoracic Surgery
  • Emergency Medicine

Background:

  • Aortic dissection and tension pneumothorax are critical emergencies requiring prompt diagnosis and treatment.
  • Diagnostic challenges arise from varied symptoms and compromised patient history in critical conditions.

Observation:

  • A 61-year-old male presented with chest and back pain, initially diagnosed with left tension pneumothorax.
  • Despite needle and chest tube thoracostomies, the patient's condition did not improve, and he developed reexpansion pulmonary edema.
  • Contrast-enhanced CT revealed type A thrombosed aortic dissection with coexisting left lung bullae.

Findings:

  • This case represents the second reported instance of type A aortic dissection associated with tension pneumothorax.
  • The patient was managed conservatively in the ICU and discharged without complications.

Implications:

  • Type A aortic dissection should be considered in patients with tension pneumothorax whose vital signs do not stabilize after decompression.
  • This rare association highlights the importance of comprehensive diagnostic evaluation in complex thoracic emergencies.