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Related Concept Videos

Repressed Memory01:16

Repressed Memory

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Repressed memories are a psychological phenomenon where memories of traumatic events are unconsciously blocked from a person's awareness. This process occurs as a defense mechanism, protecting the mind from the emotional impact of distressing or painful experiences. For example, a person who has experienced childhood trauma may grow up with no conscious recollection of the event. In such cases, the memories are thought to be buried deep within the subconscious, inaccessible to the conscious...
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Protein Complexes with Interchangeable Parts01:57

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Groups of proteins may form a complex where each protein in this complex has a different role in the overall execution of the complex’s function. Often some of the proteins in the complex can be replaced by a closely related variant to give a complex that contains many of the same components yet is functionally distinct.
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Histone Variants at the Centromere02:30

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Histone variants are the histone proteins with structural and sequence variations. These variants may be regarded as “mutant” forms that replace their canonical histone counterparts in the nucleosomes. Specific post-translational modifications on the histone variants enable further chromatin complexity and regulate tissue-specific gene expression. The most common histone variants are from histone H2A, H2B, and linker histone H1 families. However, several variants of histone H3...
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Repressible Operon: trp Operon01:21

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The trp operon in Escherichia coli exemplifies a repressible operon. It regulates the synthesis of tryptophan through repressor-mediated transcriptional control and attenuation. This dual regulatory mechanism ensures tryptophan biosynthesis occurs only when needed, conserving cellular resources.Structure of the trp OperonThe trp operon consists of five structural genes (trpE, trpD, trpC, trpB, and trpA) that encode enzymes for tryptophan biosynthesis. These genes are transcribed as a single...
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Gene Flow02:39

Gene Flow

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Gene flow is the transfer of genes among populations, resulting from either the dispersal of gametes or from the migration of individuals.
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Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression02:35

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

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Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
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Synergy between Variant PRC1 Complexes Defines Polycomb-Mediated Gene Repression.

Nadezda A Fursova1, Neil P Blackledge1, Manabu Nakayama2

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK.

Molecular Cell
|April 29, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Variant Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) complexes show high synergy, driving gene repression essential for mammalian development. This discovery reveals a new variant PRC1-dependent mechanism for controlling gene expression.

Keywords:
PCGFPRC1PRC2chromatinepigeneticsgene expressionhistonehistone modificationpolycombubiquitylation

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Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics and Gene Regulation
  • Developmental Biology
  • Chromatin Biology

Background:

  • The Polycomb system is crucial for normal mammalian development by repressing gene expression.
  • The precise mechanisms and components governing Polycomb-mediated gene repression are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the key factors and mechanisms underlying Polycomb-mediated gene repression in mouse embryonic stem cells.
  • To elucidate the roles of different Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) variants in gene silencing.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized combinatorial genetic perturbation and quantitative genomics.
  • Analyzed Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) function in mouse embryonic stem cells.

Main Results:

  • Canonical PRC1 complexes contribute minimally to gene repression.
  • Variant PRC1 complexes exhibit significant synergy, which is critical for gene repression.
  • Variant PRC1 complexes are linked to specific H2A monoubiquitylation patterns associated with gene silencing and X chromosome inactivation.

Conclusions:

  • Gene repression by Polycomb involves a novel logic driven by variant PRC1 complexes.
  • Variant PRC1 complexes, not canonical PRC1, are the primary mediators of Polycomb-dependent gene silencing.
  • Understanding variant PRC1 function is key to deciphering Polycomb's role in development and disease.