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Predicting attention shifting abilities from self-reported media multitasking.

Pia Elbe1, Daniel Eriksson Sörman2, Elin Mellqvist2

  • 1Department of Psychology, Umeå University, SE- 90187, Umeå, Sweden. piel0005@student.umu.se.

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Summary
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Heavy media multitasking is linked to better attention shifting skills. This suggests that frequently switching between media may enhance cognitive abilities related to task switching.

Keywords:
AttentionExecutive functionsMediaMultitaskingSwitching

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Media Psychology
  • Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

  • Media multitasking is a prevalent behavior in modern affluent societies.
  • The impact of simultaneous media use on higher cognitive functions, like divided attention, requires further investigation.
  • Attention shifting is a key cognitive process potentially involved in media multitasking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between media multitasking and attention shifting abilities.
  • To determine if engaging in media multitasking influences cognitive performance on tasks requiring task switching.

Main Methods:

  • Employed two tasks, the number-letter and local-global tasks, to measure switching ability.
  • Included the cognitive reflections task to control for intelligence.
  • Utilized linear regression analyses to examine the association between media multitasking levels and switching costs.

Main Results:

  • Higher levels of media multitasking were significantly associated with lower switching costs in attention-shifting tasks.
  • These findings support previous research indicating better task-switching performance in heavy media multitaskers.
  • The study identified a negative correlation between media multitasking frequency and cognitive switching costs.

Conclusions:

  • Media multitasking may enhance the cognitive skills necessary for efficient task switching.
  • Alternatively, individuals with a propensity for media multitasking might possess inherent personality traits that facilitate this behavior.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the causal mechanisms underlying the observed relationship between media multitasking and attention shifting.