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New artificial floating islands (AFIs) with luffa sponge and corncob significantly improved wastewater treatment, enhancing nutrient removal and plant growth compared to traditional AFIs.

Keywords:
Artificial floating islandCorncobLuffa spongeNatural polymer materialsNutrient removalSlow-release solid carbon

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Engineering
  • Water Treatment Technologies
  • Ecological Engineering

Background:

  • Artificial Floating Islands (AFIs) are increasingly used for wastewater treatment.
  • Traditional AFIs often have limitations in nutrient removal efficiency.
  • Optimizing AFI design is crucial for effective pollutant removal.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the wastewater treatment performance of traditional AFIs (Group A) with new-type AFIs incorporating luffa sponge and corncob (Group B).
  • To investigate the degradation mechanisms and removal efficiencies of key pollutants, including Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Nitrogen (TN), Nitrate Nitrogen (NO3--N), Ammonium Nitrogen (NH4+-N), and Total Phosphorus (TP).
  • To evaluate the impact of environmental factors like temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), and pH on treatment efficacy and plant growth.

Main Methods:

  • Construction and deployment of two groups of AFIs: Group A (traditional, soil-based) and Group B (new-type, substrate with hanging luffa sponge and corncob).
  • Monitoring of plant growth (height, root development), packing degradation, and water quality parameters (CODcr, TN, NO3--N, NH4+-N, TP).
  • Analysis of environmental factors (temperature, DO, pH) and their correlation with pollutant removal rates.

Main Results:

  • Group B AFIs demonstrated significantly higher removal rates for TP (92.8±0.6%), TN (90.3±0.8%), and NO3--N (96.0±2.2%) compared to Group A (p < 0.05).
  • The addition of luffa sponge and corncob enhanced sewage biodegradability and nutrient removal efficiency.
  • Plants (Lythrum salicaria) in Group B showed 2.36 times greater height than in Group A; Group B also maintained a more favorable pH range (6.69–7.12) for denitrification.

Conclusions:

  • New-type AFIs incorporating luffa sponge and corncob offer superior performance in removing nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater.
  • These novel AFIs promote better plant growth and create conditions conducive to denitrification.
  • Environmental factors, particularly temperature above 15°C, positively influence nutrient removal in both AFI types, with Group B showing enhanced efficiency.