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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Author Spotlight: Effectiveness of Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy in Achilles Tendinopathy Treatment
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Author Spotlight: Effectiveness of Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy in Achilles Tendinopathy Treatment

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Achilles tendinopathy.

Nicola Maffulli1, Umile Giuseppe Longo2, Anish Kadakia3

  • 1Department of Musculoskeletal Disorders, University of Salerno School of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Salerno, Italy; Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Mile End Hospital, 275 Bancroft Road, London, E1 4DG, England, United Kingdom.

Foot and Ankle Surgery : Official Journal of the European Society of Foot and Ankle Surgeons
|April 30, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Achilles tendinopathy (AT) involves impaired healing and collagen disruption. Management includes physical therapy, injections, shock wave therapy, and potentially surgery if conservative methods fail.

Keywords:
Achilles tendinopatyAnkleInjectionsSports traumaTendon

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Last Updated: Jan 25, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Sports Medicine
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Achilles tendinopathy (AT) is characterized by a failed healing response, leading to disorganized tenocyte proliferation and collagen matrix abnormalities.
  • Histologically, AT involves disrupted collagen fibers and an increased non-collagenous matrix, indicating a pathological healing process.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical diagnosis and management strategies for Achilles tendinopathy.
  • To outline current and alternative treatment options for patients with AT.

Main Methods:

  • Diagnosis is primarily clinical, supported by imaging like MRI and ultrasound for differential diagnosis.
  • Treatment options encompass conservative management (physical therapy, injections), minimally invasive techniques, and surgical interventions.

Main Results:

  • Eccentric exercises are a primary treatment modality for AT.
  • If conservative treatments are ineffective, shock wave therapy, nitric oxide patches, or peritendinous injections may be considered.
  • Surgical intervention is typically reserved for cases refractory to at least six months of non-operative management.

Conclusions:

  • The clinical diagnosis and management of AT present challenges due to the complexity of the condition.
  • Patients should be aware that recurrence of symptoms is possible regardless of whether conservative or surgical treatment approaches are employed.