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Sinusoidal Sources01:18

Sinusoidal Sources

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Direct current (DC) refers to an electric current that flows in a single direction, maintaining a constant polarity. This is in contrast to alternating current (AC), which periodically changes its direction and magnitude. AC forms the backbone of modern electricity transmission and distribution systems due to its efficient long-distance transmission capabilities.
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Source Transformation01:15

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Direct current is a flow of electric charge in only one direction and has a steady state of constant voltage in the circuit. Rectifiers, batteries, commutator-equipped generators, and fuel cells are some examples of devices that generate direct current. Nowadays, most applications use a time-varying voltage source. Alternating current is a flow of electric charge that periodically reverses direction. An alternating current is produced by an alternating emf that is generated in a power plant. If...
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When a DC source is abruptly disconnected from an RC (Resistor-Capacitor) circuit, the circuit becomes source-free. Assuming that the capacitor was fully charged before the source was removed, its initial voltage, denoted as V0, can be considered as the initial energy that stimulates the circuit.
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Workflow Based on the Combination of Isotopic Tracer Experiments to Investigate Microbial Metabolism of Multiple Nutrient Sources
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CaseSolver: An investigative open source expert system based on EuroForMix.

Øyvind Bleka1, Lourdes Prieto2, Peter Gill3

  • 1Department of Forensic Sciences, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.

Forensic Science International. Genetics
|April 30, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

CaseSolver, an open-source expert system, streamlines forensic DNA analysis by rapidly comparing evidence to reference profiles. This tool enhances accuracy and efficiency in mixture interpretation, reducing manual errors in complex criminal investigations.

Keywords:
DNA comparisonDatabase searchingExpert systemLikelihood ratio

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Science
  • Computational Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Forensic investigations often involve analyzing numerous DNA profiles, including complex mixtures, posing significant challenges for accurate comparison.
  • Manual analysis of these profiles is time-consuming and prone to errors, impacting investigative efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate CaseSolver, an open-source expert system designed to expedite and improve the accuracy of forensic DNA mixture analysis.
  • To assess CaseSolver's performance in real-world and simulated forensic casework scenarios.

Main Methods:

  • CaseSolver was applied to a real case with 119 evidence profiles and 3 reference profiles using GlobalFiler.
  • A validation study involved 25 mixture profiles and 14 reference profiles using a sequential analysis approach (allele comparison, forensim, EuroForMix).
  • Performance was benchmarked against manual analysis and tested with a large simulated database.

Main Results:

  • CaseSolver demonstrated comparable candidate match resolution to manual analysis, identifying two manual errors.
  • The system efficiently processed a large number of profiles, including a simulated database of 1 million individuals.
  • Limitations were observed with low template DNA samples, resulting in negative results.

Conclusions:

  • CaseSolver significantly benefits forensic mixture interpretation and screening by reducing analysis time and preventing manual errors.
  • The open-source expert system offers a powerful tool for enhancing the quality and efficiency of forensic DNA analysis in complex cases.
  • Further validation is recommended, particularly for low template DNA scenarios.