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In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps that are embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Potential of Chinese Herbal Medicinal Active Dioscin in Treating IgA Nephropathy
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Primary membranous nephropathy with concomitant IgA nephropathy.

Reza Khorsan1, Ramy M Hanna1, Khalid Ameen1

  • 1Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA.

Saudi Journal of Kidney Diseases and Transplantation : an Official Publication of the Saudi Center for Organ Transplantation, Saudi Arabia
|April 30, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This study reports a rare case of co-occurring IgA nephropathy and primary membranous nephropathy (MN). Successful treatment involved a combination of medications, highlighting the possibility of dual glomerular disorders.

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Immunology
  • Glomerular Diseases

Background:

  • Membranous nephropathy (MN) is a common autoimmune glomerulonephritis, often IgG4-related, targeting phospholipase A2 receptors (anti-PLA2R) or THSD7A.
  • IgA nephropathy is a prevalent autoimmune glomerular disease with a wide clinical spectrum.

Observation:

  • A rare case of concomitant IgA nephropathy and primary MN in a single patient is presented.
  • The patient exhibited significant proteinuria (7.5-8 g/g) and detectable anti-PLA2R antibodies.
  • Serum creatinine remained within normal limits throughout the observation period.

Findings:

  • Successful treatment was achieved using a combination of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone blockade, corticosteroids, and calcineurin inhibitors.
  • Anti-PLA2R antibody levels decreased with effective treatment.
  • This case underscores the successful management of a complex dual glomerular pathology.

Implications:

  • Clinicians should consider the possibility of multiple glomerular disorders in patients presenting with atypical glomerulonephritis.
  • Awareness of concomitant diseases can lead to more accurate diagnosis and tailored treatment strategies.
  • This case expands the understanding of managing complex autoimmune kidney diseases.