Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification03:00

Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification

5.8K
Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
5.8K
Insufficient Sleep and Sleep Deprivation01:13

Insufficient Sleep and Sleep Deprivation

858
Insufficient sleep refers to not getting the recommended amount of sleep for optimal functioning, even if it's just slightly less than needed. Sleep insufficiency may occur due to lifestyle choices, such as staying up late for social events or work, resulting in routinely getting less sleep than required. For example, consistently sleeping 6 hours when the body needs 7-9 hours can lead to cumulative effects on health and well-being.
Sleep deprivation is a more severe form of sleep loss...
858
Stages of Sleep01:22

Stages of Sleep

1.4K
Sleep progresses through distinct stages, each characterized by specific brain wave patterns and physiological responses ranging from wakefulness to stages of non-rapid eye movement, known as non-REM, to rapid eye movement, referred to as REM. Understanding these stages helps in recognizing how sleep supports various bodily and cognitive functions.
Before sleep begins, in wakefulness, the brain exhibits primarily beta waves, which are high in frequency and low in amplitude, indicating alertness...
1.4K
Understanding Sleep01:11

Understanding Sleep

1.4K
Sleep, an essential biological state, involves significant reductions in physical activity, sensory awareness, and interaction with the environment. This complex physiological process is primarily regulated by specific brain regions, notably the hypothalamus and pons, which govern the sleep-wake cycle or circadian rhythm.
The circadian rhythm, a nearly 24-hour cycle, is deeply influenced by environmental light cues. Light exposure directly affects the hypothalamus, which in turn regulates...
1.4K
Sleep Apnea01:21

Sleep Apnea

514
Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing stops intermittently during sleep, often leading to significant health issues. Each episode can last from 10 to 20 seconds or more and is frequently accompanied by a brief arousal from sleep. This disturbance, largely unnoticed by the individual, can lead to severe daytime fatigue. Commonly, individuals seek help after being informed by their partners about loud snoring and noticeable breathing pauses during sleep.
The condition is more prevalent among...
514
System of Memory01:23

System of Memory

7.3K
Memory is categorized into three major systems: sensory memory, short-term memory (STM), and long-term memory (LTM). These systems differ in their capacity and the duration for which they can hold information. Sensory memory captures raw sensory input from the environment, holding it for just a few seconds or less. For example, on hearing a brief, loud sound, like a car horn honking, the sound seems to linger in the mind for a moment even after it stops. This is an instance of sensory memory...
7.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Phubbing in pregnancy as a predictor of postpartum depressive symptoms: preliminary results.

BMC psychology·2026
Same author

Noradrenergic infraslow rhythm during sleep is the critical link between heart-rate dynamics and memory consolidation.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Consumer sleep technologies: what we know and what comes next.

Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society·2026
Same author

Arousal contribution on valence-driven affective modulations of time perception.

Physiology & behavior·2026
Same author

Null hypothesis significance testing vs. Bayesian inference using generalized linear mixed models with binary outcomes: a case study under practical design constraints.

Frontiers in psychology·2026
Same author

From expectation to strain: how pregnancy time perspective shapes postpartum stress in Poland and Italy.

Scientific reports·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS for Memory Enhancement
10:37

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS for Memory Enhancement

Published on: September 18, 2021

15.6K

Short Duration Repetitive Transcranial Electrical Stimulation During Sleep Enhances Declarative Memory of Facts.

Nicola Cellini1,2, Renee E Shimizu3, Patrick M Connolly3

  • 1Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
|April 30, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Short duration repetitive transcranial electrical stimulation (SDR-tES) during daytime naps enhances declarative memory consolidation. This sleep modulation technique also increased deep sleep duration and boosted slow oscillation rates.

Keywords:
declarativememory consolidationsleepslow oscillationstimulationtDCS

More Related Videos

Updated Technique for Reliable, Easy, and Tolerated Transcranial Electrical Stimulation Including Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
10:11

Updated Technique for Reliable, Easy, and Tolerated Transcranial Electrical Stimulation Including Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

Published on: January 3, 2020

11.8K
Neuronavigation-guided Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Aphasia
08:48

Neuronavigation-guided Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Aphasia

Published on: May 6, 2016

12.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS for Memory Enhancement
10:37

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS for Memory Enhancement

Published on: September 18, 2021

15.6K
Updated Technique for Reliable, Easy, and Tolerated Transcranial Electrical Stimulation Including Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
10:11

Updated Technique for Reliable, Easy, and Tolerated Transcranial Electrical Stimulation Including Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

Published on: January 3, 2020

11.8K
Neuronavigation-guided Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Aphasia
08:48

Neuronavigation-guided Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Aphasia

Published on: May 6, 2016

12.8K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Sleep Science
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique.
  • tES during sleep has previously demonstrated efficacy in modulating memory consolidation.
  • Declarative memory, crucial for recalling facts and events, is susceptible to sleep-dependent consolidation processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of short duration repetitive transcranial electrical stimulation (SDR-tES) during a daytime nap on declarative memory consolidation.
  • To determine if SDR-tES influences sleep architecture, specifically non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep stages.
  • To examine the effect of SDR-tES on slow oscillation (SO) activity during sleep.

Main Methods:

  • Healthy participants underwent a daytime nap with either active SDR-tES or sham stimulation.
  • SDR-tES was delivered at regular intervals during NREM sleep stages NREM2 and NREM3.
  • Memory performance was assessed post-sleep and 48 hours later.
  • Polysomnography was used to monitor sleep stages and electroencephalogram (EEG) activity, including SOs.

Main Results:

  • Participants receiving SDR-tES exhibited enhanced declarative memory performance compared to the sham group, both immediately after sleep and 48 hours later.
  • A significant increase in the proportion of time spent in NREM3 sleep was observed in the SDR-tES group.
  • SDR-tES led to a boosted overall rate of slow oscillations (SOs) during NREM2 and NREM3 sleep.
  • Increased SO rates were associated with stimulation delivery during quiescent, asynchronous brain activity periods.

Conclusions:

  • SDR-tES during daytime naps is an effective method for enhancing declarative memory consolidation in healthy individuals.
  • The observed memory enhancement may be linked to SDR-tES-induced increases in NREM3 sleep duration and SO rate.
  • Targeting quiescent brain activity periods for SDR-tES delivery represents a novel closed-loop approach for optimizing sleep-based memory processing.