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Snap happy: camera traps are an effective sampling tool when compared with alternative methods.

Oliver R Wearn1, Paul Glover-Kapfer2

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Camera traps are highly effective for wildlife surveys, detecting more species and improving biodiversity monitoring. Their performance is enhanced by digital models and suitable habitats, supporting widespread conservation use.

Keywords:
camera trapecological survey methodsmeta-analysiswildlife monitoring

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology and Conservation Science
  • Wildlife Monitoring Technologies

Background:

  • Camera traps are widely used in wildlife surveys and conservation, but evidence of their effectiveness is limited.
  • The assumption of camera trap efficacy underpins their increasing adoption for biodiversity monitoring.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of camera traps by synthesizing data from 104 past studies.
  • To compare camera trap performance against 22 other wildlife survey methods.

Main Methods:

  • Qualitative analysis of author recommendations regarding camera trap use.
  • Quantitative assessment of camera trap effectiveness (species detection, detection probabilities) relative to other methods.

Main Results:

  • Most studies recommended camera traps, which were 39% more effective overall.
  • Camera traps significantly outperformed live traps (88% more effective) and excelled at detecting numerous species (31% more).
  • Digital camera traps are more effective than film models; attractants may decrease effectiveness, and closed habitats yield better results.

Conclusions:

  • Camera traps are a highly effective tool for wildlife surveys and biodiversity monitoring.
  • Technological advancements will further enhance camera trap performance.
  • Evidence supports the expanding use of camera traps for global biodiversity monitoring efforts.