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Related Concept Videos

Lung Capacity01:47

Lung Capacity

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The air in the lungs is measured in volumes and capacities. Lung volume measures reflect the amount of air taken in, released, or left over after a lung function, like a single inhalation. Lung capacity measures are sums of two or more lung volume measures.
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Long-term Depression01:05

Long-term Depression

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Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Respiratory Capacities01:24

Respiratory Capacities

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Respiratory capacities are crucial indicators of lung function, representing the maximum amount of air an individual's respiratory system can handle during various breathing phases.
One key metric is the Inspiratory Capacity (IC), which represents the maximum amount of air that can be inhaled with full effort. IC is calculated by summing the tidal volume and inspiratory reserve volume, typically ranging from 2.4 to 3.6 liters.
The Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) represents the air in the...
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Exercise Stress Test01:26

Exercise Stress Test

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Introduction
Exercise stress testing, commonly known as a treadmill test, is a noninvasive procedure used to evaluate cardiovascular function and diagnose heart conditions.
Definition
An exercise stress test measures the heart's response to exertion using a treadmill or stationary bicycle. Chest electrodes record the heart's electrical activity through an ECG, and blood pressure is monitored regularly.
Purposes
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Respiratory Volumes and Capacities01:22

Respiratory Volumes and Capacities

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The respiratory system is responsible for the intake of oxygen and the expulsion of carbon dioxide from the body. Respiratory volumes describe the volume of air in the lungs at different phases of the respiratory cycle. Tidal volume is the air breathed in and out during normal, quiet breathing. Inspiratory reserve volume is the air that can be forcefully inspired beyond the tidal volume. In contrast, expiratory reserve volume refers to the air that can be expelled from the lungs after a normal...
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Buffers: Buffer Capacity01:09

Buffers: Buffer Capacity

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Buffer capacity is the quantitative measure of a buffer to resist the change in pH. As shown in the following equation, the buffer capacity, denoted by 'beta', is expressed as the number of moles of acid or base needed to change the pH of a one-liter buffer solution by 1 unit. Here, Ca and Cb indicate the number of moles of acid and base, respectively. Note that dpH represents the change in pH.
In the graph, pH is plotted as a function of the number of moles of base (Cb) added to a weak...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Author Spotlight: Integrating Alveolar-Capillary Reserve Measurements in Exercise Adaptation and Therapeutic Strategies
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Author Spotlight: Integrating Alveolar-Capillary Reserve Measurements in Exercise Adaptation and Therapeutic Strategies

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Long-Term Lung Function and Exercise Capacity in Postinfectious chILD.

Yagmur Sisman1, Frederik F Buchvald1, Astrid Madsen Ring1

  • 1Danish chILD Centre, Paediatric Pulmonary Service, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonology
|April 30, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Children with postinfectious diffuse pulmonary disease often have lasting lung impairment, particularly in small airways, even years after treatment. While exercise capacity may be acceptable, many experience difficulties with physical exertion.

Keywords:
childhood interstitial lung diseasechildrendiffuse lung diseaseexercise capacitypulmonary function test

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Postinfectious diffuse pulmonary disease (PD) in children presents diagnostic challenges and variable severity.
  • Long-term lung function and physical capacity data in pediatric PD are limited.
  • This study addresses the need for understanding the chronic impact of PD on children's respiratory health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate long-term pulmonary function trends in children with postinfectious diffuse pulmonary disease.
  • To assess the physical capacity and exercise tolerance in this patient group.
  • To identify factors associated with chronic lung impairment following infection.

Main Methods:

  • A descriptive, single-center follow-up study was conducted on children with biopsy-verified postinfectious diffuse pulmonary disease.
  • Pulmonary function tests (including LCI2.5, FEV1) and exercise testing (VO2peak) were performed.
  • Longitudinal spirometry data and associations between lung function parameters were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Fifteen patients were followed up after a mean of 7.6 years post-treatment.
  • 80% showed abnormal lung clearance index (LCI2.5) and 53% had abnormal forced expiratory volume (FEV1).
  • Peripheral airway impairment persisted, but lung function remained stable years after treatment; 40% reported exertion difficulties despite acceptable VO2peak.

Conclusions:

  • Postinfectious diffuse pulmonary disease in children leads to chronic pulmonary impairment, especially in peripheral airways.
  • Lung function stabilizes after treatment, but significant airway obstruction can persist.
  • Children may experience exercise limitations despite seemingly adequate cardiorespiratory fitness.