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Initiation of Translation02:33

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Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
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The thoracic section of the aorta begins at the T5 vertebra and extends to the T12 level at the diaphragm, initially progressing through the mediastinum to the left of the spinal column. Throughout its course in the thoracic segment, the thoracic aorta emits various offshoots known collectively as visceral and parietal branches. The branches that predominantly supply blood to visceral organs are termed visceral branches and include bronchial, pericardial, esophageal, and mediastinal arteries,...
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The thoracic or rib cage forms the body's thorax (chest) portion. Its primary function in the body is to protect vital organs in the thoracic cavity, such as the heart and the lungs. It consists of 12 pairs of ribs with their costal cartilages and the sternum. The ribs are anchored posteriorly to the 12 thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12).
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Ribs are curved, flattened bones forming the thoracic cavity wall with the thoracic muscles. There are 12 pairs of thoracic ribs. The posterior ends of all the ribs articulate with the T1–T12 thoracic vertebrae. In contrast,the anterior ends of most ribs attach to the sternum via their costal cartilages.
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Initiation is the first step of transcription in eukaryotes. Prokaryotic RNA Polymerase (RNAP) can bind to the template DNA and start transcribing. On the other hand, transcription in eukaryotes requires additional proteins, called transcription factors, to first bind to the promoter region in the DNA template. This binding helps recruit the specific RNAP that can assemble on the DNA and start transcription.
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Robot-assisted thoracic surgery in Colombia: a multi-institutional initial experience.

Miguel Ricardo Buitrago1,2,3,4, Juliana Restrepo5

  • 1Department of Thoracic Surgery, Instituto Nacional de Carcerología, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Bogotá, Colombia.

Annals of Cardiothoracic Surgery
|April 30, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Robotic assisted videothoracoscopic surgery (RVATS) is increasingly adopted globally. This study in Colombia shows a significant reduction in operative time for RVATS procedures over the years, with comparable outcomes to international reports.

Keywords:
Robot-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (RATS)da Vinci surgical systempulmonary adenocarcinomathoracic surgeryvideo-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS)

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Area of Science:

  • Thoracic Surgery
  • Minimally Invasive Surgery
  • Robotic Surgery

Background:

  • Robotic assisted videothoracoscopic surgery (RVATS) adoption is rising globally, yet data from Latin America remains scarce.
  • Existing literature from Latin America includes limited case series and reports.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the adoption and outcomes of RVATS in Bogotá, Colombia.
  • To evaluate perioperative results and trends in robotic thoracic surgeries.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of all RVATS procedures performed in Bogotá, Colombia, since 2012.
  • Data collected included preoperative, intraoperative, postoperative, and pathology variables.
  • Patients were categorized into pulmonary resections, mediastinal surgeries, and other procedures. Linear regression analyzed operative time trends.

Main Results:

  • Forty-seven patients underwent RVATS pulmonary resections, with 72.3% being lobectomies. Median operative time was 220 minutes.
  • Eighteen patients had RVATS mediastinal surgeries, 50% being thymectomies. Median operative time was 195.5 minutes.
  • A significant trend of decreasing operative time by 10.3 minutes per year was observed (P=0.006).

Conclusions:

  • This study represents the first series of RVATS published in Colombia and the second in Latin America.
  • Perioperative results are comparable to international benchmarks.
  • RVATS demonstrates a learning curve with decreasing operative times in the Colombian context.