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Area of Science:

  • Psycholinguistics
  • Speech Processing
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • Understanding sentence processing in the presence of speech disfluencies is crucial for comprehending language acquisition and real-time comprehension.
  • Garden Path (GP) sentences are syntactically ambiguous, requiring backward-looking processing to resolve ambiguity.
  • The impact of stuttering-like disfluencies on sentence processing, particularly backward-looking mechanisms, remains less understood compared to typical disfluencies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how backward-looking sentence processing is influenced by stuttering-like disfluencies versus typically disfluent speech.
  • To compare listener comprehension accuracy, event-related potentials (ERPs), and speaker perception between groups exposed to stuttered and non-stuttered speech.

Main Methods:

  • Two listener groups processed Garden Path (GP) and control sentences.
  • Sentences included no disfluency, silent pauses, filled pauses, or stuttering-like disfluencies in the preamble.
  • Measured comprehension accuracy, event-related potentials (ERPs) time-locked to disambiguating verbs, and perceptual speaker ratings.

Main Results:

  • Listeners exposed to stuttering-like disfluencies (With Stuttering group) showed better comprehension accuracy for GP sentences.
  • The P600 component, indicative of backward-looking processing, was observed in the No Stuttering group but not in the With Stuttering group for GP sentences.
  • The With Stuttering group perceived the speaker as less competent but demonstrated enhanced processing of syntactically challenging sentences.

Conclusions:

  • Listeners may abandon prior syntactic expectations when processing sentences containing stuttering-like disfluencies.
  • This abandonment of expectations could be due to a lack of a readily available speaker model associated with stuttering.
  • Stuttering-like disfluencies may trigger distinct cognitive processing strategies compared to typical speech disfluencies, impacting sentence comprehension.