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Related Concept Videos

Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

Extraction: Advanced Methods

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Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
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Overview of Advanced Functional Groups02:22

Overview of Advanced Functional Groups

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Functional groups are groups of atoms with specific chemical properties that occur within organic molecules and are sometimes denoted as “R”. Functional groups can “functionalize” a compound by enabling it to adopt different physical and chemical properties.
Types of Advanced Functional Groups
The table below summarizes some of the major functional groups in organic chemistry.
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Reconstruction of Signal using Interpolation01:10

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Signal processing techniques are essential for accurately converting continuous signals to digital formats and vice versa. When a continuous signal is sampled with a period T, the resulting sampled signal exhibits replicas of the original spectrum in the frequency domain, spaced at intervals equal to the sampling frequency. To handle this sampled signal, a zero-order hold method can be applied, which creates a piecewise constant signal by retaining each sample's value until the next...
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Sample Preparation for Analysis: Advanced Techniques01:08

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Accurate analysis of complex samples often requires advanced preparation techniques to achieve reliable and reproducible results. Samples containing inorganic or organic materials can be challenging to dissolve or decompose effectively. Standard sample preparation methods include acid digestion, fusion, dry ashing, and wet digestion.
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Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation V: Advanced Airway Management Techniques01:30

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Airway management is essential in emergency and surgical medicine, ensuring ventilation and oxygenation in patients who cannot maintain their own airway. Clinicians use a range of techniques and devices to secure the airway, depending on the patient’s condition and the clinical context. Key methods include endotracheal intubation, rapid sequence intubation (RSI), supraglottic airway devices, and advanced visualization aids. In cases where these approaches fail, surgical airway...
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Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction01:07

Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction

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Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Antibody Profiling by Luciferase Immunoprecipitation Systems LIPS
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Antibody Profiling by Luciferase Immunoprecipitation Systems LIPS

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Recent advances in lip reconstruction.

Christopher Vanison1, Nicholas Beckmann, Aaron Smith

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, USA.

Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery
|April 30, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Recent advances in lip reconstruction focus on improving oral function and appearance. New and modified flap techniques, including local and free tissue transfers, offer better outcomes with fewer complications.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 25, 2026

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Stimulating the Lip Motor Cortex with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
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Area of Science:

  • Plastic Surgery
  • Reconstructive Surgery
  • Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Background:

  • Lip defects can significantly impair oral competence, speech, and facial aesthetics.
  • Reconstruction aims to restore both functional and cosmetic aspects of the lips.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent techniques for lip defect reconstruction.
  • To emphasize functional and aesthetic restoration, and discuss limitations.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recently described lip reconstruction techniques.
  • Focus on modifications of established flaps (Karapandzic, Abbé).
  • Evaluation of novel local and free tissue transfer methods.

Main Results:

  • New flap modifications enhance functional and cosmetic outcomes.
  • Novel local tissue transfers offer improved results with reduced morbidity.
  • Free tissue transfers enable more natural lip appearance with restored sensory and motor function.
  • Tissue engineering shows promise for recreating the vermillion.

Conclusions:

  • Lip reconstruction techniques are increasingly sophisticated for better functional and cosmetic results.
  • New local and free tissue transfer techniques are valuable additions to reconstruction algorithms.