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Characteristics of Corneal Biomechanics in Chinese Preschool Children With Different Refractive Status
Wen Long1, Yiming Zhao1, Yin Hu1
1State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, SunYat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
Insights
Corneal stiffness decreases in myopic children and increases in hyperopic children aged 4-6 years. Refractive status significantly influences corneal biomechanics and biometry in preschool children.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Corneal Biomechanics
- Pediatric Optometry
Background:
- Refractive status in children is a growing concern.
- Understanding corneal biomechanics is crucial for myopia progression and hyperopia management.
- Limited data exists on corneal biomechanical characteristics in preschool-aged children.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate corneal biomechanical properties in Chinese preschool children.
- To analyze the relationship between refractive status (myopia, emmetropia, hyperopia) and corneal biomechanics.
- To assess corneal biometry variations across different refractive groups.
Main Methods:
- 108 Chinese children (4-6 years) with refractive errors from -9.00D to +9.00D participated.
- Cycloplegic refraction, axial length, corneal biomechanics, and corneal power were measured.
- Corvis ST and Pentacam devices were used for measurements; data analyzed using SPSS 17.0.
Main Results:
- Spherical equivalent refraction correlated positively with stiffness parameter (SP-A1) and second applanation velocity, but negatively with peak distance and deformation amplitude ratio.
- SP-A1 decreased, while peak distance, axial length, central anterior chamber depth (CACD), and keratometry (K1) increased from hyperopia to myopia.
- Central corneal thickness significantly decreased from hyperopia to myopia.
Conclusions:
- Corneal stiffness is reduced in myopia and increased in hyperopia compared to emmetropia in young children.
- Corneal biometry and biomechanical characteristics are dependent on refractive status in preschool children.
- Findings highlight the importance of assessing corneal biomechanics in pediatric eye care.
Purpose:
To investigate the characteristics of corneal biomechanics in Chinese preschool children with different refractive status.
Methods:
Study participants were 108 Chinese children (216 eyes) aged 4 to 6 years with a spherical equivalent refraction between -9.00 and +9.00 diopters (D). Cycloplegic refraction was measured using an autorefractor, axial length using an IOL Master (Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany), and corneal biomechanical metrics and corneal power using an ultra-high-speed camera (Corvis ST; Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany) and Pentacam (Oculus; Menlo Park, CA). Differences in corneal biometry and biomechanical characteristics among myopia, emmetropia, and hyperopia eyes were analyzed by SPSS 17.0.
Results:
The spherical equivalent refraction was significantly positively correlated with the stiffness parameter at the first applanation (SP-A1, r = 0.22, P < 0.01) and corneal velocity at the second applanation (A2 velocity, r = 0.25, P < 0.001), whereas it was negatively correlated with the peak distance (r = -0.32, P < 0.001) and deformation amplitude ratio (DA ratio, r = -0.34, P < 0.001). In the hyperopia, emmetropia, and myopia groups, the SP-A1 successively decreased (108.70 ± 22.93 vs. 100.50 ± 18.98 vs. 97.97 ± 18.91, P < 0.01), whereas the peak distance progressively increased (4.39 ± 0.32 vs. 4.56 ± 0.30 vs. 4.63 ± 0.34 mm, P < 0.001). In the same order of groups, an increasing trend was found for the axial length (21.11 ± 0.76 vs. 22.39 ± 0.72 vs. 24.09 ± 1.37 mm, P < 0.001), central anterior chamber depth (CACD, 3.04 ± 0.41 vs. 3.21 ± 0.33 vs. 3.37 ± 0.40 mm, P < 0.001) and flat meridian keratometry (K1, 41.92 ± 1.59 vs. 42.73 ± 1.39 vs. 42.98 ± 1.60 D, P < 0.001). Central corneal thickness significantly decreased in the same order of groups (565.46 ± 33.22 vs. 551.97 ± 24.66 vs. 543.36 ± 37.74 µm, P < 0.001).
Conclusions:
Corneal stiffness is reduced in myopia and increased in hyperopia compared with emmetropia in children aged 4 to 6 years. Corneal biometry and biomechanical characteristics in preschool children seem to depend on refractive status.
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