Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Infection01:20

Infection

12.0K
When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
12.0K
Stages of Infection01:26

Stages of Infection

65.1K
Stages of infection describe what happens to a susceptible host once a pathogen invades the human body. The stages of infection are incubation, prodromal, illness, stage of decline, and convalescence. The incubation stage is the period from exposure to a pathogen until symptoms start. The infected person is unaware of impending illness as the pathogens grow and multiply within the body. The duration may vary depending on the type of infection. The incubation period of measles averages ten to...
65.1K
Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

13.3K
The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
13.3K
Sexually Transmitted Infections01:26

Sexually Transmitted Infections

970
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
970
Defense Mechanism Against Infection01:26

Defense Mechanism Against Infection

9.3K
Natural flora, body system defenses, and inflammation are natural barriers of the body against infectious agents regardless of previous exposure. Normal floras of the human body refer to the microbial population that colonizes the skin and mucous membranes.
In addition, many body organ systems have unique defenses against infection. The skin is an intact, multilayered surface preventing invasion by microorganisms unless impaired. Mucous membranes lining the mouth, nose, and eyelids are barriers...
9.3K
Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures01:22

Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures

3.7K
Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...
3.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Efficacy Outcomes of Fecal Microbiota, Live-jslm in Preventing Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection from Seven Clinical Studies.

Infectious diseases and therapy·2026
Same author

Integrated analysis of the safety of fecal microbiota, live-jslm in adults with recurrent <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> infection from five prospective clinical trials: an update.

Therapeutic advances in gastroenterology·2025
Same author

Safety and Efficacy of Fecal Microbiota, Live-jslm (REBYOTA®), for the Prevention of Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection in Participants With Inflammatory Bowel Disease in PUNCH CD3-OLS.

Inflammatory bowel diseases·2025
Same author

<i>Neisseria sicca</i> Vertebral Osteomyelitis: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Journal of clinical medicine·2024
Same author

Safety and Tolerability of CP101, a Full-Spectrum, Oral Microbiome Therapeutic for the Prevention of Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection: A Phase 2 Randomized Controlled Trial.

Gastroenterology·2024
Same author

Deep Sternal Wound Infection Caused by <i>Rhizopus</i> Species After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft.

Open forum infectious diseases·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 25, 2026

A Protein Microarray Assay for Serological Determination of Antigen-specific Antibody Responses Following Clostridium difficile Infection
09:12

A Protein Microarray Assay for Serological Determination of Antigen-specific Antibody Responses Following Clostridium difficile Infection

Published on: June 15, 2018

10.5K

Why Does Clostridium difficile Infection Recur?

Robert Orenstein, Roberto L Patron, M Teresa Seville

    The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association
    |April 30, 2019
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Clostridioides difficile infection impacts many, with frequent recurrence due to pathogen resilience. Understanding host-microbe interactions is key to improving outcomes for this common infection.

    More Related Videos

    A Protocol to Characterize the Morphological Changes of Clostridium difficile in Response to Antibiotic Treatment
    12:58

    A Protocol to Characterize the Morphological Changes of Clostridium difficile in Response to Antibiotic Treatment

    Published on: May 25, 2017

    9.4K
    Development of a Larval Zebrafish Infection Model for Clostridioides difficile
    09:13

    Development of a Larval Zebrafish Infection Model for Clostridioides difficile

    Published on: February 14, 2020

    6.8K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jan 25, 2026

    A Protein Microarray Assay for Serological Determination of Antigen-specific Antibody Responses Following Clostridium difficile Infection
    09:12

    A Protein Microarray Assay for Serological Determination of Antigen-specific Antibody Responses Following Clostridium difficile Infection

    Published on: June 15, 2018

    10.5K
    A Protocol to Characterize the Morphological Changes of Clostridium difficile in Response to Antibiotic Treatment
    12:58

    A Protocol to Characterize the Morphological Changes of Clostridium difficile in Response to Antibiotic Treatment

    Published on: May 25, 2017

    9.4K
    Development of a Larval Zebrafish Infection Model for Clostridioides difficile
    09:13

    Development of a Larval Zebrafish Infection Model for Clostridioides difficile

    Published on: February 14, 2020

    6.8K

    Area of Science:

    • Microbiology
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Gastroenterology

    Background:

    • Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) affects over 500,000 individuals annually in the US.
    • One-third of CDI patients experience recurrent symptoms, highlighting the pathogen's resilience.
    • The persistence of C. difficile in the environment and host contributes to spread and recurrence.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the current understanding of C. difficile colonization, transmission, and recurrence.
    • To explore the host's role in C. difficile infection elimination.
    • To discuss the potential of applying osteopathic principles to improve patient outcomes.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of current literature on C. difficile infection mechanisms.
    • Clinical vignette presentation.
    • Discussion of host-pathogen-microbiota interactions.

    Main Results:

    • C. difficile is a resilient pathogen with significant environmental and host persistence.
    • Understanding microbe-environment and microbe-host interactions is crucial for managing CDI.
    • Host factors play a significant role in infection clearance.

    Conclusions:

    • Further understanding of C. difficile pathogenesis is needed to combat recurrence and spread.
    • Integrating osteopathic principles may offer novel therapeutic strategies.
    • Improved management strategies are essential for reducing the burden of recurrent CDI.