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Polymers02:34

Polymers

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The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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Simple proteins and protein complexes contain only amino acids. In contrast, many other proteins, called conjugated proteins, covalently bond with non-protein moieties.
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Conjugation01:19

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Conjugation is a form of horizontal gene transfer that primarily occurs in bacteria and some archaea, promoting genetic diversity and adaptation. Bacteria can acquire resistance genes through conjugative plasmids, allowing them to survive antibiotic treatments that would otherwise be lethal. This process involves direct contact between cells through specialized structures such as the sex pilus and is mediated by conjugative plasmids, including the F (fertility) factor.Conjugation requires...
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Mechanism of Conjugation

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Bacterial conjugation is a mechanism of horizontal gene transfer that enables the exchange of genetic material between bacterial cells through direct contact. This process is facilitated by a donor cell carrying a conjugative plasmid, which encodes genes necessary for pilus formation, DNA replication, and transfer. The conjugative plasmid plays a central role in initiating and executing the transfer of genetic material.The tra region of the conjugative plasmid encodes proteins responsible for...
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In situ Photo-rheology Monitors Viscoelastic Changes in Photo-responsive Polymer Networks
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Viscoelastic Conjugated Polymer Fluids.

Akira Shinohara1,2, Chengjun Pan1, Zhenfeng Guo1

  • 1Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Xueyuan Avenue 1066, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518055, China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|April 30, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed new viscoelastic conjugated polymers (VE-CPs) with tunable optoelectronic properties. These flexible materials exhibit unique dynamic miscibility and self-restoring capabilities, ideal for advanced soft robotics and biomedical applications.

Keywords:
alkyl-π engineeringconjugated polymersrheologysolvent-free fluidsviscoelasticity

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Optoelectronics

Background:

  • Integrating optoelectronic functions into soft materials is crucial for advanced applications like biomedical devices and robotics.
  • Achieving both viscoelasticity and optoelectronic properties in polymers is challenging due to stiffening from conjugated moieties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop novel additive-free viscoelastic conjugated polymers (VE-CPs) with combined mechanical flexibility and optoelectronic capabilities.
  • To explore the unique rheological and optical properties of these new polymers and their blends.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesized VE-CPs utilizing an intact π-conjugated backbone and bulky, flexible alkyl side chains as internal plasticizers.
  • Characterized rheological behaviors, including gel- and elastomer-like properties without cross-linking.
  • Investigated dynamic miscibility and fluorescence changes in binary blends of VE-CPs.

Main Results:

  • Developed additive-free VE-CPs exhibiting room-temperature viscoelasticity.
  • Demonstrated gel- and elastomer-like properties in some VE-CPs without external cross-linking or entanglement.
  • Observed unprecedented dynamic miscibility in binary blends, featuring self-restorable and mechanically induced fluorescence color changes.

Conclusions:

  • The developed VE-CPs offer a promising route to sophisticated soft materials by overcoming the rigidity challenge in conjugated polymers.
  • These materials exhibit unique tunable properties, opening new avenues for smart soft robotics and advanced biomedical engineering.