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Viruses in water.

J L Melnick, C P Gerba, C Wallis

    Bulletin of the World Health Organization
    |January 1, 1978
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Wastewater recycling is becoming essential due to rising water demands, yet current treatments inadequately remove pathogenic viruses. This paper examines viral contamination in water and shellfish, discussing physical and chemical elimination methods.

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    Area of Science:

    • Environmental Science
    • Public Health
    • Virology

    Background:

    • Increasing global population and industrial expansion necessitate wastewater recycling.
    • Viral contamination of water and shellfish poses a growing public health risk.
    • Existing water treatment methods are often insufficient for complete viral pathogen removal.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To highlight the escalating problem of viral contamination in water resources.
    • To evaluate the effectiveness of current water treatment procedures against pathogenic viruses.
    • To discuss physical and chemical methods for eliminating viruses from water.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing literature on water treatment technologies.
    • Analysis of physical methods for virus removal from water.

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  • Discussion of chemical disinfection techniques for waterborne viruses.

    • Main Results:

    • Current water treatment procedures demonstrate inadequacy in eliminating pathogenic viruses.
    • Various physical and chemical methods are available for virus elimination.
    • Human exposure to waterborne viruses occurs through multiple pathways.

    Conclusions:

    • Effective strategies are needed to address viral contamination in recycled water.
    • Further research into advanced water treatment technologies is crucial.
    • Protecting public health requires improved methods for water purification from viruses.