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Related Concept Videos

Anatomy of Respiratory System II: Lower Respiratory Tract01:31

Anatomy of Respiratory System II: Lower Respiratory Tract

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The lower respiratory tract is anatomically composed of several vital structures, including the larynx, trachea, bronchial tree, alveoli, lungs, and pleurae. Each component has a specific function, and all are intricately connected to ensure efficient respiration.
The Larynx
It is located between the pharynx and the trachea, acts as a passageway for air, and hosts several critical structures, such as the epiglottis, vocal cords, and glottis. The epiglottis acts as a gateway, guiding food to the...
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The Respiratory System01:16

The Respiratory System

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The respiratory system is comprised of the organs that enable breathing. Air enters the nostrils and mouth, followed by the pharynx (throat) and larynx (voice box), which lead to the trachea (windpipe). In the thoracic cavity, the trachea splits into two bronchi that allow air to enter the lungs. The bronchi split into progressively smaller bronchioles and terminate in small groups of tiny sacs in the lungs called alveoli, where gas exchange occurs.
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Anatomy of Respiratory System I: Upper Respiratory Tract01:29

Anatomy of Respiratory System I: Upper Respiratory Tract

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The upper respiratory tract plays a vital role in the respiratory system, comprising several structures that facilitate air intake and prepare air for the lungs. It also serves as the first line of defense against pathogens and particles. This tract includes the nose and nasal cavity, the oral cavity, the paranasal sinuses, and the pharynx, each with specific functions and features.
Nose and nasal cavity
The nose and nasal cavity represent the main external openings of the respiratory tract....
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Overview of Respiratory System01:23

Overview of Respiratory System

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The respiratory system is a complex biological apparatus that facilitates the exchange of gases, specifically oxygen and carbon dioxide, between our bodies and the environment. This system plays a vital role in the physiological process of respiration, an essential function for sustaining life.
What is the Respiratory System?
The respiratory system consists of a series of organs responsible for taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide. The primary function of the respiratory system is to...
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Respiratory Volumes01:15

Respiratory Volumes

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Respiratory volumes are crucial metrics, meticulously measured to quantify the air exchanged in and out of the lungs during various phases of the breathing cycle. These precise measurements are vital for assessing lung function, diagnosing respiratory conditions, and monitoring overall respiratory health. Each parameter provides specific insights into the mechanics of breathing and the functional capacity of the lungs.
Tidal Volume (TV) Tidal volume (TV) is the air inhaled or exhaled in a...
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Respiratory Capacities01:24

Respiratory Capacities

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Respiratory capacities are crucial indicators of lung function, representing the maximum amount of air an individual's respiratory system can handle during various breathing phases.
One key metric is the Inspiratory Capacity (IC), which represents the maximum amount of air that can be inhaled with full effort. IC is calculated by summing the tidal volume and inspiratory reserve volume, typically ranging from 2.4 to 3.6 liters.
The Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) represents the air in the...
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[Metoclopramide-induced respiratory dyskinesia].

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 25, 2026

High-speed Video Microscopy Analysis for First-line Diagnosis of Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia
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[Respiratory dyskinesia].

Mette Medom Vorre1, Pter Lange

  • 1mette.medom.vorre@regionh.dk.

Ugeskrift for Laeger
|May 1, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Respiratory dyskinesia is a rare side effect of antipsychotic drugs that can cause breathing problems. Early recognition is key, as this condition is reversible.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Neurology
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Antipsychotic medications can cause rare adverse reactions.
  • Respiratory dyskinesia is a condition affecting breathing patterns.
  • It may be mistaken for other respiratory or cardiac issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the characteristics of respiratory dyskinesia.
  • To highlight its association with antipsychotic use.
  • To emphasize diagnostic considerations and potential for reversibility.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of respiratory dyskinesia.
  • Analysis of case reports and clinical observations.
  • Discussion of differential diagnoses.

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Handwriting Analysis Indicates Spontaneous Dyskinesias in Neuroleptic Naïve Adolescents at High Risk for Psychosis
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High-speed Video Microscopy Analysis for First-line Diagnosis of Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia
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Main Results:

  • Respiratory dyskinesia is an uncommon adverse effect of antipsychotics.
  • It often presents with tachypnea or acute respiratory distress.
  • The condition is frequently observed in patients with tardive dyskinesia, sometimes preceding its onset.

Conclusions:

  • Respiratory dyskinesia should be considered in patients on antipsychotics with unexplained respiratory symptoms.
  • Prompt diagnosis can lead to intervention and potential reversal of symptoms.
  • Awareness of this condition is crucial for clinicians managing patients on antipsychotic therapy.