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Related Concept Videos

Schizophrenia01:17

Schizophrenia

847
Schizophrenia, a term introduced by Swiss psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler in 1911, describes a severe psychological disorder marked by profound disruptions in attention, thought processes, language, emotion, and interpersonal relationships. The core feature of schizophrenia is psychosis — a state characterized by a fundamental detachment from reality. This disconnection manifests through distorted logic, impaired perception, and atypical behavior, severely affecting the lives of those...
847
Biological Causes of Schizophrenia01:29

Biological Causes of Schizophrenia

548
Schizophrenia, a severe psychiatric disorder, arises from a complex interplay of biological factors, including genetic predisposition, structural brain abnormalities, neurotransmitter dysregulation, and developmental irregularities. These factors collectively contribute to the onset and progression of the disorder, which typically manifests in late adolescence or early adulthood.
Genetic Factors in Schizophrenia
The genetic basis of schizophrenia is strongly supported by family and twin...
548
Psychological and Sociocultural Causes of Schizophrenia01:29

Psychological and Sociocultural Causes of Schizophrenia

510
Schizophrenia, a complex psychiatric disorder, has been historically misunderstood. Early psychological theories attributed its origins to childhood trauma and unresponsive parenting. However, contemporary research largely rejects these notions, favoring the vulnerability-stress hypothesis. This model proposes that individuals with a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia may develop the disorder following exposure to significant environmental stressors. Notably, studies on high-risk...
510
Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia01:30

Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia

519
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia indicate a reduction or absence of typical behaviors and emotional responses found in healthy individuals, while positive symptoms reflect an excess or distortion of normal functioning.
Negative Symptoms
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia manifest as deficits in normal emotional and behavioral functioning, profoundly impacting daily life. Individuals with schizophrenia often display a flat affect, characterized by a near-total absence of emotional expression,...
519
Positive Symptoms Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions01:26

Positive Symptoms Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions

527
Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder characterized by a range of symptoms that significantly impact cognition, behavior, and emotional regulation. Among these, the positive symptoms stand out as they involve the addition or exaggeration of normal mental functions, deviating markedly from typical behavior and perception. Hallucinations and delusions are prominent positive symptoms, each profoundly affecting the individual's experience of reality.
Hallucinations
Hallucinations in...
527
Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions01:30

Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions

596
Schizophrenia is a complex mental health disorder that can manifest with various positive symptoms, including thought, movement, and behavior disorders. These symptoms significantly disrupt cognitive and motor functions, leading to profound effects on an individual's ability to engage with the world.
Thought Disorders
Disorganized and unusual thought processes mark thought disorders in schizophrenia. One key feature is disorganized speech, where an individual's conversation includes...
596

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Basics of Multivariate Analysis in Neuroimaging Data
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Prognostic Utility of Multivariate Morphometry in Schizophrenia.

Mingli Li1,2, Xiaojing Li1,2, Tushar Kanti Das3,4,5

  • 1Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.

Frontiers in Psychiatry
|May 1, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Structural brain imaging in early schizophrenia can predict treatment response. Lower gray matter volume in the insula and inferior frontal gyrus at baseline predicts poorer symptom improvement, suggesting prognostic utility for morphometric data.

Keywords:
gray matterlongitudinalmultivariate morphometrypredictorschizophrenia

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Psychiatry
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Voxel-based morphometry reveals distributed gray matter changes in schizophrenia.
  • Prognostic utility of structural imaging is limited by associations with illness duration, antipsychotic exposure, and symptom severity.
  • Predicting clinical trajectory from structural imaging in drug-naive, first-episode psychosis remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if baseline morphometric information from drug-naive, first-episode psychosis patients can predict symptom trajectory after antipsychotic intervention.
  • To investigate the predictive value of gray matter volume (GMV) changes on clinical outcomes.
  • To assess if symptom severity influences GMV over time.

Main Methods:

  • Sixty-two first-episode, drug-naive schizophrenia patients underwent MRI scans at baseline and 1-year follow-up.
  • Source-Based Morphometry (SBM) analyzed GMV changes.
  • Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) assessed symptom severity; treatment response was calculated as a reduction ratio.
  • Multiple regression analyses predicted symptom change using SBM components, controlling for covariates.

Main Results:

  • Gray matter volume in components including the anterior cingulate cortex, insula, inferior frontal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, precuneus, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex decreased over one year.
  • Lower baseline GMV in the insula and inferior frontal gyrus predicted less improvement in positive and disorganization symptoms.
  • Baseline symptom severity did not independently predict reduced GMV at follow-up.

Conclusions:

  • A baseline deficit in a network component (insula and inferior frontal gyrus) predicts schizophrenia's clinical course.
  • Evidence does not support symptoms being neurotoxic to gray matter.
  • Multivariate morphometric data, combined with other predictors, can enhance schizophrenia prognosis prediction.