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The kidneys are two large bean-shaped organs located in the upper abdomen. They filter the blood several times a day to remove toxins and rebalance water and electrolytes of the circulatory system via the renal veins. The kidneys receive blood directly from the heart via the renal arteries. These arteries enter the kidney at the hilum, the concave surface of the bean, where they branch and divide into smaller vessels and capillaries.
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The kidneys are a pair of bean-shaped organs in the human body that play a critical role in maintaining overall health. They filter out waste products from the blood, regulate blood pressure, maintain electrolyte balance, and stimulate the production of red blood cells.
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Periostin in the Kidney.

Darren P Wallace1

  • 1Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular and Integrative Physiology, and The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA. dwallace@kumc.edu.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|May 1, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Periostin, a protein not usually found in adult kidneys, is linked to chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. Its abnormal expression in polycystic kidney disease (PKD) accelerates cyst growth and fibrosis.

Keywords:
Chronic kidney diseaseIntegrin signalingMatricellular proteinsPolycystic kidney diseaseRenal fibrosis

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Periostin is a matricellular protein typically found in embryonic tissues and adult connective tissues.
  • Its expression is normally absent in adult kidneys but aberrantly present in chronic kidney disease (CKD).
  • Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is characterized by kidney cyst formation, interstitial fibrosis, and declining renal function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the literature on periostin's role in PKD and other CKD forms.
  • To explore mechanisms of periostin-stimulated cyst growth and extracellular matrix production.
  • To evaluate periostin as a potential biomarker for kidney disease.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating periostin expression and function in kidney disease models and human samples.
  • Analysis of periostin's correlation with interstitial fibrosis and renal function decline in CKD.
  • Examination of periostin's role in cystogenesis and extracellular matrix remodeling in PKD.

Main Results:

  • Aberrant periostin expression in CKD correlates with interstitial fibrosis and reduced renal function.
  • In PKD, periostin is secreted by cyst epithelial cells, accumulating in the extracellular matrix.
  • Periostin overexpression in PKD mice accelerates cyst growth and promotes renal fibrosis.

Conclusions:

  • Persistent periostin expression in CKD contributes to tubulointerstitial fibrosis and functional decline.
  • Periostin may serve as a novel biomarker for kidney disease progression.
  • Targeting periostin's diverse actions could lead to therapies for PKD and CKD.