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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Real-Time Cardiac Mapping with a Noninvasive Imageless Electrocardiographic Imaging System
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Electrocardiographic optimization techniques in resynchronization therapy.

Margarida Pujol-López1, Rodolfo San Antonio1,2, Lluís Mont1,2,3

  • 1Cardiology Department, Institut Clínic Cardiovascular (ICCV), Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.

Europace : European Pacing, Arrhythmias, and Cardiac Electrophysiology : Journal of the Working Groups on Cardiac Pacing, Arrhythmias, and Cardiac Cellular Electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology
|May 1, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fusion-Optimized Intervals (FOI) improve cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) response by optimizing pacing. This electrocardiographic method is fast, reduces QRS duration, and enhances left ventricular remodeling compared to standard programming.

Keywords:
Cardiac resynchronization therapyFusion-optimized intervalsOptimizationReverse remodelling

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Electrophysiology
  • Medical Devices

Background:

  • Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is crucial for heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction and wide QRS complex.
  • A significant percentage of CRT patients (30-40%) do not achieve optimal clinical or echocardiographic response.
  • Current optimization methods like echocardiography are time-consuming and have high variability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review available electrocardiographic methods for optimizing CRT pacing intervals.
  • To highlight Fusion-Optimized Intervals (FOI) as a potentially superior optimization technique.
  • To assess the impact of FOI on CRT response, including QRS duration, clinical outcomes, and left ventricular remodeling.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on electrocardiographic optimization techniques for CRT.
  • Description of various methods including 12-lead ECG, FOI, intracardiac electrograms, and electrocardiographic imaging.
  • Detailed explanation of the FOI method, which combines fusion pacing with intrinsic conduction based on QRS duration.

Main Results:

  • FOI is a feasible and rapid electrocardiographic method for CRT optimization.
  • FOI effectively reduces QRS duration, indicating improved cardiac synchrony.
  • FOI demonstrates improved acute hemodynamic response and greater left ventricular remodeling compared to nominal CRT programming.

Conclusions:

  • Electrocardiographic optimization, particularly FOI, offers a promising approach to enhance CRT efficacy.
  • FOI's ability to reduce QRS duration and improve LV remodeling suggests increased CRT response rates.
  • Further investigation into FOI may lead to improved patient selection and programming strategies for CRT.