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Memory is categorized into three major systems: sensory memory, short-term memory (STM), and long-term memory (LTM). These systems differ in their capacity and the duration for which they can hold information. Sensory memory captures raw sensory input from the environment, holding it for just a few seconds or less. For example, on hearing a brief, loud sound, like a car horn honking, the sound seems to linger in the mind for a moment even after it stops. This is an instance of sensory memory...
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How the motor system integrates with working memory.

Cherie L Marvel1, Owen P Morgan1, Sharif I Kronemer2

  • 1Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
|May 1, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review explores how the brain's motor system supports working memory (WM). Secondary motor regions may generate internal traces to reinforce information, impacting cognitive functions and motor network deficits.

Keywords:
Basal gangliaCerebellumCognitionFMRIMotorMotor traceMovement disordersPremotor cortexSternbergSupplementary motor areaWorking memory

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Motor Control
  • Neurobiology

Background:

  • Working memory (WM) is crucial for daily cognitive tasks, involving temporary information maintenance.
  • Neuroimaging reveals WM relies on motor system regions, specifically those for motor planning and preparation without overt movement.
  • These secondary motor regions form a gradient between primary motor and non-motor areas in the frontal lobe, cerebellum, and basal ganglia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review motor-cognitive interactions in working memory using the Sternberg paradigm.
  • To propose origins of the motor-cognitive interface.
  • To discuss implications for clinical populations with motor network deficits.

Main Methods:

  • Review of neuroimaging data.
  • Analysis of the Sternberg paradigm as a model for working memory.
  • Synthesis of findings on motor system involvement in cognitive tasks.

Main Results:

  • Convergence of evidence implicates secondary motor regions in supporting working memory.
  • These regions may reinforce information representation through internal motor traces.
  • A functional gradient exists between motor and non-motor regions supporting cognition.

Conclusions:

  • The motor system, particularly secondary motor regions, plays a significant role in working memory.
  • Understanding this motor-cognitive interface is key to explaining cognitive functions and deficits.
  • This relationship has implications for understanding and treating clinical groups with motor network impairments.