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A Porcine Model of Acute Autologous Pulmonary Embolism
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Sex-specific differences in pulmonary embolism.

Karsten Keller1, Lisa Rappold2, Aslihan Gerhold-Ay3

  • 1Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

Thrombosis Research
|May 1, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pulmonary embolism (PE) outcomes are similar in men and women, despite differing risk factors. Sex-specific risk stratification models are needed for improved prediction in pulmonary embolism patients.

Keywords:
GenderMortalityPrognosisPulmonary embolismRisk stratification

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Vascular Medicine

Background:

  • Sex-specific differences in cardiovascular disease risk, symptoms, and prognosis are established.
  • Data on sex-specific factors in pulmonary embolism (PE) are limited and inconsistent.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate sex-specific differences in patients diagnosed with pulmonary embolism (PE).

Main Methods:

  • A prospective single-center cohort study enrolled 569 patients with confirmed PE over a 10-year period.
  • Patient data, including risk factors, clinical presentation, and outcomes, were analyzed for sex-specific variations.

Main Results:

  • Men had higher rates of cancer and unprovoked PE. Women presented more frequently with risk factors like older age, surgery/trauma/immobilization, and sex-hormone therapy.
  • Overall 30-day adverse outcomes and mortality did not differ between sexes.
  • Risk stratification models showed sex-specific performance, with some predicting adverse outcomes only in females, while others were effective in both sexes.

Conclusions:

  • Despite distinct risk factor profiles, 30-day adverse outcomes in pulmonary embolism (PE) patients are not influenced by sex.
  • Sex-specific differences exist in the prognostic performance of risk stratification markers and models for PE.