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Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Enucleation of the Prostate for the Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Using a 980 nm Diode Laser
Published on: May 5, 2020
The Effect of Intravesical Prostatic Protrusion in Patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Controlled, Clinical
Mustafa Kadihasanoglu1, Mustafa Aydin2, Mehmet Taskiran3
1Department of Urology, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey, kadihasanoglu@gmail.com.
Intravesical prostatic protrusion (IPP) is associated with lower prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. This finding holds true even when prostate volume is higher, suggesting IPP influences PSA measurements.
Area of Science:
- Urology
- Andrology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a key biomarker, but its levels can be affected by various factors.
- Intravesical prostatic protrusion (IPP) is a common finding in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
- Limited data exist on the relationship between IPP and PSA levels.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the impact of intravesical prostatic protrusion (IPP) on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
Main Methods:
- A comparative study included 119 patients with IPP and 121 patients without IPP.
- Key parameters assessed included age, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), PSA levels (total and free), urinary flow rates, prostate volume (PV), and post-void residual (PVR) volume.
- Statistical analyses were performed to compare groups and assess correlations.
Main Results:
- Patients with IPP showed significantly lower levels of total PSA (tPSA) and free PSA (fPSA) compared to those without IPP.
- No significant differences were observed in age, IPSS, urinary flow rates, or PVR between the groups.
- Strong positive correlations were found between the grade of IPP and both tPSA and fPSA levels.
Conclusions:
- Intravesical prostatic protrusion (IPP) is associated with decreased prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
- This effect on PSA levels persists even in the presence of increased prostate volume.
- IPP should be considered when interpreting PSA values in BPH patients.
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