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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
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The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
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Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory condition primarily affecting the colon and rectum. The primary drugs used in the treatment of ulcerative colitis are aminosalicylates. They exhibit anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. They modulate inflammatory mediators and inhibit the activity of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Aminosalicylates also reduce inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandin and leukotriene production and decreasing neutrophil chemotaxis and superoxide...
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Peptic Ulcer Disease II: Pathophysiology01:28

Peptic Ulcer Disease II: Pathophysiology

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Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) is characterized by the development of ulcers in the stomach or duodenal mucosa. Its pathophysiology is complex, involving a balance between damaging and protective elements.
Damaging agents such as Helicobacter pylori, gastric acid, pepsin, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can weaken the mucosal defense, allowing hydrogen ions to infiltrate back and harm epithelial cells.
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Peptic Ulcer Disease I: Introduction01:30

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Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) is characterized by mucosal excavation in the esophagus, stomach, pylorus, or duodenum. It can manifest as acute or chronic based on the extent and duration of mucosal involvement.
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Peptic Ulcer Disease IV: Management01:26

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Medical treatment strategies for peptic ulcers encompass various methods. The primary goal of treatment is to diminish gastric acidity and strengthen mucosal defense mechanisms.
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Pharmacological management
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Peptic ulcers are sores on the stomach's inner lining and the upper small intestine, which are the result of disruptions in the mucosal layer that houses parietal cells which produce gastric acid, and chief cells which secrete pepsinogen.
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Fecal Microbiota Transplantation via Colonoscopy for Recurrent C. difficile Infection
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Clostridium difficile isolated from faecal samples in patients with ulcerative colitis.

Parisa Shoaei1, Hasan Shojaei2, Mohammad Jalali3

  • 1Nosocomial Infection Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.

BMC Infectious Diseases
|May 2, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is common in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, with specific strains like ST2 (PCR ribotype 014) frequently causing recurrent infections. Early detection and treatment of CDI are crucial for managing UC outcomes.

Keywords:
Clostridium difficileIBD patientsMultilocus sequence typingPCR-RibotypingUlcerative Colitis

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a prevalent inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) globally.
  • Investigating Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in UC patients is crucial for understanding disease management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize Clostridium difficile isolates from UC patients in Iran.
  • To determine the phenotypic and molecular profiles of C. difficile strains in this population.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study of 85 UC patients from April to December 2015.
  • Isolates analyzed for toxin profiles, antimicrobial resistance, multi-locus sequence typing (MLST), and PCR ribotyping.

Main Results:

  • Prevalence of C. difficile isolates was 31.8%, with 17.6% having CDI.
  • Identified STs: ST54, ST2, ST37. Common PCR ribotype: 014 (48.3%).
  • Recurrence rate of CDI was 14.1%. ST2 (PCR ribotype 014) linked to first episode and recurrence. Susceptibility to metronidazole and vancomycin; resistance to clindamycin and erythromycin.

Conclusions:

  • CDI is prevalent in UC patients, often associated with moderate to severe disease.
  • Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agents may increase CDI risk.
  • Prompt CDI detection and treatment are vital for improving UC patient outcomes.