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Related Experiment Videos

The desmosomal plaque and the cytoskeleton.

W W Franke, P Cowin, M Schmelz

    Ciba Foundation Symposium
    |January 1, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary

    Two types of cell junctions anchor cytoskeletal filaments to the plasma membrane. These distinct adhering junctions (desmosomes and non-desmosomal types) utilize specific plaque proteins for intermediate filaments and actin microfilaments, respectively.

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    Area of Science:

    • Cell Biology
    • Molecular Biology
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • Plasma membrane domains organize the cytoskeleton through specialized junctions.
    • Adhering junctions, characterized by dense plaques, serve as anchorage sites for cytoplasmic filaments.
    • Two main categories of adhering junctions exist: desmosomes and non-desmosomal junctions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the distinct protein compositions of desmosomal and non-desmosomal adhering junction plaques.
    • To understand how these different plaque structures anchor specific cytoskeletal elements.
    • To elucidate the molecular basis of junction-cytoskeleton interactions.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of protein components within desmosomal and non-desmosomal plaque structures.
    • Identification of common and unique polypeptides associated with each junction type.
    • Comparison of plaque proteins involved in anchoring intermediate filaments versus actin microfilaments.

    Main Results:

    • Both desmosomal and non-desmosomal adhering junctions possess dense plaques for filament anchorage.
    • Intermediate filaments (cytokeratin, desmin, vimentin) attach to desmosomal plaques.
    • Actin microfilaments associate with non-desmosomal adhering junctions (zonula adherens, fascia adherens, punctum adherens).
    • A common acidic polypeptide (Mr 83,000, 'band 5 protein') is present in both plaque types.
    • Desmosomal plaques lack vinculin and alpha-actinin but contain desmoplakins and 'band 3 glycoprotein'.

    Conclusions:

    • Adhering junction plaques exhibit distinct protein compositions, dictating their cytoskeletal anchorage roles.
    • Understanding these molecular differences is crucial for comprehending junction-cytoskeleton dynamics.
    • The findings provide a foundation for studying the establishment and regulation of cell architecture.

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