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Malignant Hyperthermia.

Harleen Kaur¹, Nakul Katyal¹, Anudeep Yelam¹

¹Harleen Kaur, MBBS, Nakul Katyal, MD, Anudeep Yelam, MBBS, Keerthana Kumar, MBBS, and Raghav Govindarajan, MD, MSMA member since 2013, are in the Department of Neurology, University of Missouri School of Medicine.

Missouri Medicine

|May 2, 2019

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

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Malignant Hyperthermia (MH) is a dangerous genetic disorder triggered by anesthesia, causing a severe hypermetabolic reaction. Early detection and dantrolene sodium treatment are crucial for managing MH and associated myopathies.

Area of Science:

Pharmacogenetics
Anesthesiology
Neuromuscular Disorders

Background:

Malignant Hyperthermia (MH) is a life-threatening pharmacogenetic disorder.
It is triggered by volatile anesthetic agents and depolarizing muscle relaxants.
MH presents as a hypermetabolic crisis with symptoms like tachycardia, hyperthermia, and muscle rigidity.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the genetics and pathology of Malignant Hyperthermia.
To highlight MH's association with inherited myopathy syndromes.
To emphasize the importance of dantrolene sodium in MH management.

Main Methods:

Literature review focusing on MH genetics, pathology, and clinical presentation.
Analysis of diagnostic signs, including end-tidal carbon dioxide increase.

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Review of treatment strategies, particularly dantrolene sodium efficacy.

Main Results:

MH is characterized by a hypermetabolic response and can be diagnosed early by increased end-tidal carbon dioxide.
Dantrolene sodium is an effective treatment for MH.
MH is linked to several inherited myopathies, including central core disease.

Conclusions:

Malignant Hyperthermia requires immediate recognition and management with dantrolene sodium during general anesthesia.
Understanding the genetic and pathological basis of MH is essential for patient care.
MH's association with myopathies underscores the need for comprehensive patient evaluation.