Pathophysiology of internal hemorrhoids

Area of Science:

• Gastroenterology
• Anatomy
• Pathophysiology

Background:

• Hemorrhoidal disease is a common condition with unclear pathophysiology, leading to confusion in treatment.
• Existing knowledge is obscured by myths and undocumented theories.
• Internal and external hemorrhoids are classified, becoming a disease when symptomatic.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the histology and anatomy of the normal and abnormal internal hemorrhoidal plexus.
• To encourage a deeper understanding of hemorrhoidal disease pathophysiology among clinicians.
• To provide a foundation for accurate symptom interpretation and therapeutic decision-making.

Main Methods:

• Mini-review of basic medical sciences.
• Focus on internal hemorrhoids.
• Examination of normal and abnormal internal hemorrhoidal plexus histology and anatomy.

Main Results:

• The review defines the histological and anatomical features of the internal hemorrhoidal plexus.
• It highlights the need for a science-based understanding of hemorrhoid development.
• Clarifies the relationship between pathophysiology and clinical presentation.

Conclusions:

• A thorough comprehension of internal hemorrhoidal plexus anatomy and histology is crucial.
• Understanding pathophysiology enables correct diagnosis and treatment of hemorrhoidal disease.
• This review aims to demystify hemorrhoidal disease for improved patient care.