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Related Concept Videos

Elements and Compounds01:27

Elements and Compounds

103.6K
Pure substances consist of only one type of matter. A pure substance can be an element or a compound. An element consists of only one type of atom, while a compound consists of two or more types of atoms held together by a chemical bond.
Elements
Elements are classified as atomic or molecular based on the nature of their basic units. They are unique forms of matter with specific chemical and physical properties that cannot break down into smaller substances by ordinary chemical reactions. There...
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Periodic Classification of the Elements04:00

Periodic Classification of the Elements

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The periodic table arranges atoms based on increasing atomic number so that elements with the same chemical properties recur periodically. When their electron configurations are added to the table, a periodic recurrence of similar electron configurations in the outer shells of these elements is observed. Because they are in the outer shells of an atom, valence electrons play the most important role in chemical reactions. The outer electrons have the highest energy of the electrons in an atom...
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Key Elements for Plant Nutrition02:35

Key Elements for Plant Nutrition

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Like all living organisms, plants require organic and inorganic nutrients to survive, reproduce, grow and maintain homeostasis. To identify nutrients that are essential for plant functioning, researchers have leveraged a technique called hydroponics. In hydroponic culture systems, plants are grown—without soil—in water-based solutions containing nutrients. At least 17 nutrients have been identified as essential elements required by plants. Plants acquire these elements from the...
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Classification of Elements and Compounds02:54

Classification of Elements and Compounds

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Pure substances consist of only one type of matter. A pure substance can be an element or a compound. An element consists of only one type of atom, while a compound consists of two or more types of atoms held together by a chemical bond. Elements are classified as atomic or molecular based on the nature of their basic units.
Compounds are pure substances composed of two or more elements in fixed, definite proportions. Compounds are classified as ionic or molecular (covalent) based on the bonds...
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Elements: Chemical Symbols and Isotopes02:31

Elements: Chemical Symbols and Isotopes

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A chemical symbol is an abbreviation used to indicate an element or an atom of an element. For example, the symbol for mercury is Hg. The same symbol is used to indicate one atom of mercury (microscopic domain) or to label a container of many atoms of the element mercury (macroscopic domain).
Some symbols are derived from the common English name of the element; others are abbreviations of the name in another language — Latin, Greek or German. For example, the symbol for aluminum (common name)...
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The Periodic Table and Organismal Elements00:57

The Periodic Table and Organismal Elements

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Overview
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Recording Ultra-Realistic Full-Color Analog Holograms for Use in a Moving Hologram Display
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Multi-focus hologram utilizing Pancharatnam-Berry phase elements based metamirror.

Yue Wang, Chunsheng Guan, Xumin Ding

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    Summary

    Researchers developed an ultrathin metamirror for multi-focusing applications. This device uses Pancharatnam-Berry phase elements for efficient, customizable beam shaping and focusing.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Metamaterials
    • Nanotechnology

    Background:

    • Metamirrors offer advanced optical functionalities.
    • Achieving multi-focusing with high efficiency and control remains a challenge.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and demonstrate an ultrathin reflection-type metamirror for versatile multi-focusing.
    • To achieve arbitrary focal number and location control using engineered phase elements.

    Main Methods:

    • Design of reflection-type Pancharatnam-Berry (P-B) phase elements for full 2π phase shift and high efficiency.
    • Utilizing a holographic algorithm to compute the required phase distribution for multi-focus spots.
    • Experimental validation in the microwave region.

    Main Results:

    • Demonstration of an ultrathin metamirror capable of multi-focusing.
    • High reflection efficiency and imaging quality achieved.
    • Successful control over focal number and location.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed metamirror offers a high-performance solution for beam shaping and focusing.
    • The design is low-cost and lightweight, suitable for various applications.
    • P-B phase elements are effective for advanced optical control.