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Related Concept Videos

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

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Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
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Bonding in Metals02:32

Bonding in Metals

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Metallic bonds are formed between two metal atoms. A simplified model to describe metallic bonding has been developed by Paul Drüde called the “Electron Sea Model”. 
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Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

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Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
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Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
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Alkali Metals03:06

Alkali Metals

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Group 1 elements are soft and shiny metallic solids. They are malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity. The melting points of the alkali metals are unusually low for metals and decrease going down the group, while the density increases going down the group with the exception of potassium (Table 1).
Table 1: Properties of the alkali metals
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Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Metal-organic Frameworks
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A Single-Crystal Open-Capsule Metal-Organic Framework.

Yong-Sheng Wei1, Mei Zhang1, Mitsunori Kitta2

  • 1AIST-Kyoto University Chemical Energy Materials Open Innovation Laboratory (ChEM-OIL), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501 , Japan.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|May 3, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel single-crystal metal-organic framework (MOF) capsule with openings for enhanced loading. This capsular MOF enables efficient multifunctional electrocatalysis for water splitting and Zn-air batteries.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Electrochemistry

Background:

  • Micro-/nanocapsules are crucial for storage, catalysis, and drug delivery.
  • Conventional capsules face limitations in loading and diffusion due to their non-/polycrystalline walls.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and synthesize a novel single-crystal capsular metal-organic framework (MOF) with inherent openings.
  • To fabricate a nitrogen-doped carbon-based framework from the capsular MOF for advanced electrocatalysis.

Main Methods:

  • Crystal-structure transformation to create a single-crystal capsular MOF.
  • Pyrolysis-phosphidation of the capsular MOF and melamine to form a nitrogen-doped carbon framework with embedded Fe-Ni phosphide nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes.

Main Results:

  • The open-capsule MOF demonstrated superior loading capacity for sulfur and iodine compared to existing MOFs.
  • The derived nitrogen-doped capsular carbon framework exhibited efficient multifunctional electrocatalysis for oxygen evolution, hydrogen evolution, and oxygen reduction.

Conclusions:

  • The novel capsular MOF design overcomes diffusion limitations of conventional micro-/nanocapsules.
  • The fabricated nitrogen-doped carbon-based material shows significant potential for overall water splitting and rechargeable Zn-air batteries.