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Related Concept Videos

The Evidence for Evolution02:55

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Genetic variations accumulating within populations over generations give rise to biological evolution. Evolutionary changes can result in the formation of novel varieties and entire new species. These changes are responsible for the diverse forms of life inhabiting the planet. The evidence for evolution suggests that all living organisms descended from common ancestors.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Chemo-enzymatic Synthesis of N-glycans for Array Development and HIV Antibody Profiling
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Comprehensive Profiling of HIV Antibody Evolution.

Susan H Eshleman1, Oliver Laeyendecker2, Kai Kammers3

  • 1Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Cell Reports
|May 3, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Antibody responses to HIV infection evolve over time, with breadth increasing early and then declining. This decline can help predict the timing of antiretroviral treatment initiation.

Keywords:
HIV incidenceantibody biomarkerantibody profilingantibody response to HIVimmunodominant HIV epitopesserosignature

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Understanding HIV antibody dynamics is crucial for diagnosing infection and monitoring disease progression.
  • Characterizing the evolution of antibody responses provides insights into the host-pathogen interaction during HIV infection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the evolution of HIV antibody responses in adults across different stages of infection.
  • To identify specific HIV epitopes targeted by antibodies and their changes over time.
  • To develop a predictive tool for estimating HIV infection duration based on antibody profiles.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a phage display system to analyze antibody binding to over 3,300 HIV peptides.
  • Studied antibody responses in a cohort of 57 adults with early- to late-stage HIV infection.
  • Correlated changes in antibody breadth with the timing of antiretroviral treatment (ART) initiation.

Main Results:

  • Antibody breadth initially increases in early HIV infection, then stabilizes or declines.
  • A decline in antibody breadth between 9 months and 2 years post-infection correlates with ART initiation.
  • Identified specific peptides showing increasing or decreasing antibody reactivity over time, forming the basis for a "serosignature".
  • Demonstrated epitope engineering's potential for optimizing peptide binding in HIV incidence estimation.

Conclusions:

  • HIV antibody responses exhibit dynamic changes throughout infection, offering potential biomarkers.
  • A novel four-peptide "serosignature" can predict HIV infection duration.
  • Epitope engineering presents a promising strategy for enhancing diagnostic tools for HIV incidence estimation.