Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Cryogenic Liquid Jets for High Repetition Rate Discovery Science
Published on: May 9, 2020
Nm-sized cryogenic hydrogen clusters for a laser-driven proton source
S Grieser1, B Aurand2, E Aktan2
1Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
Abstract:
A cryogenic hydrogen cluster-jet target is described which has been used for laser-plasma interaction studies. Major advantages of the cluster-jet are, on the one hand, the compatibility to pulsed high repetition lasers as the target is operated continuously and, on the other hand, the absence of target debris. The cluster-jet target was characterized using the Mie-scattering technique allowing to determine the cluster size and to compare the measurements with an empirical formula. In addition, an estimation of the cluster beam density was performed. The system was implemented at the high power laser system ARCTURUS, and the measurements show the acceleration of protons after irradiation of the cluster target by high intensity laser pulses with a repetition rate of 5 Hz.
Related Concept Videos
Hydrogen Bonds
Hydrogen Bonds Control the World!
Because hydrogen has very weak electronegativity when it binds with a strongly electronegative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen, electrons in the bond are unequally shared....
Hydrogen Bonds
Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes
Proton (¹H) NMR: Chemical Shift
Absorption signals of all the protium nuclei...
Cluster Sampling Method
To choose a cluster sample, divide the population into clusters (groups) and then randomly select some of the clusters. All the members from these clusters are in the cluster sample. For example, if you randomly sample four departments from your...
Vesicular Tubular Clusters
With the help of motor proteins such...

