Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Quantum Numbers02:43

Quantum Numbers

49.5K
It is said that the energy of an electron in an atom is quantized; that is, it can be equal only to certain specific values and can jump from one energy level to another but not transition smoothly or stay between these levels.
49.5K
Generation Time01:22

Generation Time

1.4K
Bacterial generation time, the period required for a bacterial population to double during its exponential growth phase, serves as a critical measure of microbial growth dynamics under optimal conditions. This parameter varies significantly across bacterial species and can be influenced by factors such as temperature, pH, and the availability of nutrients. For example, Escherichia coli can achieve a generation time of approximately 20 minutes, while Mycobacterium tuberculosis exhibits a much...
1.4K
The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom02:45

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

56.8K
Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra.
56.8K
Real Time RT-PCR02:57

Real Time RT-PCR

64.9K
Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, or Real-time RT-PCR, is an analytical tool used to determine the expression level of target genes. The method involves converting mRNA to complementary DNA with the help of an enzyme known as reverse transcriptase, followed by the PCR amplification of the cDNA. These two processes can be performed simultaneously in a single tube or separately as a two-step reaction.
The real-time quantification of the number of amplified products is...
64.9K
Random Error01:04

Random Error

9.2K
Random or indeterminate errors originate from various uncontrollable variables, such as variations in environmental conditions, instrument imperfections, or the inherent variability of the phenomena being measured. Usually, these errors cannot be predicted, estimated, or characterized because their direction and magnitude often vary in magnitude and direction even during consecutive measurements. As a result, they are difficult to eliminate. However, the aggregate effect of these errors can be...
9.2K
Random Variables01:09

Random Variables

17.6K
A random variable is a single numerical value that indicates the outcome of a procedure. The concept of random variables is fundamental to the probability theory and was introduced by a Russian mathematician, Pafnuty Chebyshev, in the mid-nineteenth century.
Uppercase letters such as X or Y denote a random variable. Lowercase letters like x or y denote the value of a random variable. If X is a random variable, then X is written in words, and x is given as a number.
For example, let X = the...
17.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Suppression of current source noise with an atomic magnetometer.

The Review of scientific instruments·2020
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
06:42

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

9.6K

6 Gbps real-time optical quantum random number generator based on vacuum fluctuation.

Ziyong Zheng1, Yichen Zhang1, Weinan Huang1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China.

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|May 3, 2019
PubMed
Summary

We developed a 6 Gbps real-time quantum random number generator using vacuum fluctuations. Our optimized algorithm achieves 12 Gbps randomness extraction, overcoming speed gaps in quantum random number generation systems.

More Related Videos

Real-time Imaging of Axonal Transport of Quantum Dot-labeled BDNF in Primary Neurons
10:53

Real-time Imaging of Axonal Transport of Quantum Dot-labeled BDNF in Primary Neurons

Published on: September 15, 2014

15.7K
A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
07:56

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

8.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
06:42

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

9.6K
Real-time Imaging of Axonal Transport of Quantum Dot-labeled BDNF in Primary Neurons
10:53

Real-time Imaging of Axonal Transport of Quantum Dot-labeled BDNF in Primary Neurons

Published on: September 15, 2014

15.7K
A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
07:56

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

8.9K

Area of Science:

  • Quantum optics
  • Information security
  • High-speed data generation

Background:

  • Quantum random number generators (QRNGs) are crucial for secure communication.
  • Existing QRNGs face a speed gap between random number generation and extraction.
  • Device imperfections introduce classical noise, compromising randomness quality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a high-speed, real-time optical quantum random number generator.
  • To address the speed gap in randomness extraction for QRNGs.
  • To ensure information-theoretically provable randomness.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing vacuum fluctuations for real-time random number generation.
  • Implementing an optimized parallel Toeplitz hashing algorithm for randomness extraction.
  • Employing a peripheral component interconnect express (PCIe) interface for real-time output.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a 6 Gbps real-time optical quantum random number generator.
  • Reached a record 12 Gbps randomness extraction rate with reduced computational resources.
  • Demonstrated 6.83 Gbps secure random number generation even with complete knowledge of classical noise.

Conclusions:

  • The developed system overcomes the speed limitations in QRNGs.
  • The optimized algorithm enables high-speed, secure quantum random number generation.
  • This technology supports robust, real-time generation of provable quantum random numbers.