Transient leukemia of Down syndrome
Valentina Sas1,2, Cristina Blag2, Gabriela Zaharie3
1a Department of Hematology , Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj Napoca , Romania.
Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences
|May 3, 2019
Summary
Transient leukemia of Down syndrome (DS) is a unique, distinct leukemia entity. This review links its clinical features and genetic discoveries for pediatric specialists.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Hematology
- Oncology
- Genetics
Background:
- Childhood leukemia often arises from developmental errors in fetal blood formation.
- Down syndrome (DS) is known to increase the risk of myeloid leukemia in children.
- Transient leukemia of Down syndrome (TL-DS) is a specific WHO-defined condition in newborns with DS.
Purpose of the Study:
- To comprehensively review the clinical and biological aspects of TL-DS.
- To connect the known clinical findings of TL-DS with recent genetic discoveries.
- To provide an educational resource for pediatricians and hematologists.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of clinical and biological findings in TL-DS.
- Analysis of genetic discoveries related to DS-associated leukemia.
- Synthesis of information for a pediatric audience.
Main Results:
- TL-DS presents a distinct clinical picture with a prolonged pre-leukemic phase.
- Unique chromosomal abnormalities are characteristic of acute myeloid leukemia in DS.
- Genetic insights are beginning to elucidate the nature of DS predisposition to leukemia.
Conclusions:
- TL-DS is a unique entity requiring specific understanding.
- Further research into genetic lesions is crucial for understanding DS leukemia.
- This review consolidates current knowledge for clinical practice and future research.
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