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Classification of Illness01:17

Classification of Illness

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The meaning of illness is individualized to each person who experiences an alteration in health. In contrast, disease is a medical term indicating a pathological change in the structure and function of the body or mind. It is a condition that has specific symptoms and boundaries.
An illness is a response to a disease in which the person's level of functioning is changed compared with a previous level. The general classification of illness includes acute and chronic.
Acute illness is severe...
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Factors Affecting Illness01:18

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When a person's physical, emotional, intellectual, social development or spiritual functioning is compromised, this deviation from a healthy normal state is called illness. Illness creates stress that in turn harms individuals. Irritation, anger, denial, hopelessness, and fear are behavioral and emotional changes an individual experiences in the phases of illness. A variety of factors influence a person's health and well-being.
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Concepts of Health and Illness01:29

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Health is a condition of the body, mind, and spirit where an individual remains free from illness. Similarly, wellness is an active state, including living a lifestyle that promotes physical, mental, and emotional health. Physical health is critical for the overall well-being and can be affected by lifestyle, activity level, diet, and behavior. The highest attainable standard of health is a fundamental and universal human right. Consider Lisa, a fifteen-year-old born with congenital...
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Dimensions of Health and Illness01:21

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Levels of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention01:26

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Health promotion allows a person to control the determinants of health, resulting in an improved health status. It enhances the quality of life and reduces premature deaths. Health promotion and illness prevention programs help people make beneficial choices to reduce the risk of disease and disabilities. There are three health promotion and illness prevention levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
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Models of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention I01:25

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A model is a theoretical way to understand a concept or an idea. Models can overcome barriers to health regardless of diverse economic and cultural backgrounds. In addition, models make the task easier by providing different ways to approach complex issues. There are two major health promotion models: the health belief model and the health promotion model.
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Studying Triple Negative Breast Cancer Using Orthotopic Breast Cancer Model
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Cost-of-illness study for non-small-cell lung cancer using real-world data.

S J Seung1, M Hurry2, S Hassan1

  • 1hope Research Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON.

Current Oncology (Toronto, Ont.)
|May 3, 2019
PubMed
Summary

The management of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in Ontario cost $1.9 billion over five years. High costs were driven by hospitalizations and clinic visits, despite poor patient survival rates.

Keywords:
Lung cancerOntarioadministrative datacostsresource utilization

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Area of Science:

  • Health Economics
  • Oncology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Understanding the economic impact of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) management is crucial due to recent treatment advances and healthcare budget constraints.
  • This study aimed to quantify the costs and resource utilization for NSCLC patient cohorts in Ontario.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the overall and per-patient costs associated with NSCLC management.
  • To analyze the specific resources utilized in the care of NSCLC patients.
  • To provide economic data for healthcare planning and resource allocation in Ontario.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective cost-of-illness analysis was performed using a bottom-up approach.
  • Data from the Ontario Cancer Registry and provincial administrative databases (2010-2015) were linked for 24,729 NSCLC patients.
  • Resource utilization included hospitalizations, cancer clinic visits, physician services, systemic therapies, and radiotherapy.

Main Results:

  • The total cost for NSCLC management was $1.9 billion (2017 CAD).
  • Inpatient hospitalizations ($635.2M), cancer clinic visits ($323.7M), and physician services ($301.4M) were the primary cost drivers.
  • The mean cost per patient was $76,816, with radiotherapy costing $38.5M.

Conclusions:

  • Real-world costs for NSCLC management in Ontario were substantial over the 5-year study period.
  • These significant expenditures occurred despite limited treatment information and poor median survival rates.
  • The findings highlight the economic burden of NSCLC and inform future healthcare policy and resource allocation.