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Related Concept Videos

Communication01:03

Communication

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Communication between two animals occurs when one animal transmits an information signal that causes a change in the animal that receives the information. Organisms communicate with one another in a host of different ways. Signals can be auditory, chemical, visual, tactile, or a combination of these. Communication is a critical behavioral adaptation that promotes survival, growth, and reproduction.
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Communication01:28

Communication

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Sharing information, concepts, and emotions to foster mutual understanding is communication. The sender, recipient, and transaction must be considered in this manner. The sender is the person who shares the message, the recipient is the person who receives and understands the message, and the transaction is the method used to deliver the message and the variables that affect the communication's context and surroundings. The nurse-client connection is built on therapeutic communication.
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Beams01:30

Beams

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Beams are integral components of structural engineering and construction, designed to support loads applied at various points along their length. These long, straight members can be classified based on geometry, cross-section, support type, and equilibrium condition.
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State Space Representation01:27

State Space Representation

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The frequency-domain technique, commonly used in analyzing and designing feedback control systems, is effective for linear, time-invariant systems. However, it falls short when dealing with nonlinear, time-varying, and multiple-input multiple-output systems. The time-domain or state-space approach addresses these limitations by utilizing state variables to construct simultaneous, first-order differential equations, known as state equations, for an nth-order system.
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Space Trusses01:25

Space Trusses

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A space truss is a three-dimensional counterpart of a planar truss. These structures consist of members connected at their ends, often utilizing ball-and-socket joints to create a stable and versatile framework. The space truss is widely used in various construction projects due to its adaptability and capacity to withstand complex loads.
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Therapeutic Communication01:30

Therapeutic Communication

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Communication is a lifelong learning process. Through therapeutic communication, nurses can collect relevant assessment data, provide education and counseling, and interact during nursing interventions. Sending and receiving messages occur through verbal and nonverbal communication techniques and can happen separately or simultaneously.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 25, 2026

The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry
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Imaging-based beam steering for free-space optical communication.

Sajad Saghaye Polkoo, Christopher Kyle Renshaw

    Applied Optics
    |May 3, 2019
    PubMed
    Summary

    Imaging-based beam steering (IBBS) offers a compact solution for mobile optical communications and LIDAR. This technology enables efficient light steering for long-range applications.

    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Optical Communications
    • Imaging Systems

    Background:

    • Mobile free-space optical communications (FSOC) and LIDAR imaging require compact, low-power, and cost-effective beam steering solutions.
    • Existing beam steering technologies often face limitations in size, power consumption, and cost for mobile applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce and demonstrate Imaging-based Beam Steering (IBBS) as a viable technology for mobile FSOC and LIDAR.
    • To evaluate the performance of IBBS in terms of beam divergence, pointing accuracy, and optical link range.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing a lens to map each pixel of a 2D organic LED array to a unique line-of-sight direction.
    • Implementing electronic beam steering and dynamic beam shaping through pixel selection.

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  • Demonstrating light collection and collimation into low-divergence beams.

    • Main Results:

    • Achieved efficient collection and collimation of light from an organic LED array into beams with 1.24 mrad divergence.
    • Demonstrated a pointing accuracy of 5.5 mrad.
    • Successfully established a 41 m optical link using the IBBS system.

    Conclusions:

    • IBBS is a promising technology for compact, low-power, and low-cost beam steering applications.
    • Simulations predict effective ranges exceeding 1 km for IBBS-FSOC links with high-brightness laser arrays.
    • IBBS technology has the potential to significantly advance mobile FSOC, LIDAR imaging, and active illumination systems.