Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Compact Bone01:27

Compact Bone

16.3K
Most bones contain compact and spongy osseous tissue, but their distribution and concentration vary based on the bone's overall function.
Compact bone, also called cortical bone, is the denser, stronger of the two types of bone tissue. It is found under the periosteum and in the diaphyses of long bones, where it provides support and protection. The microscopic structural unit of compact bone is called an osteon, or haversian system. Each osteon is composed of concentric rings of calcified...
16.3K
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Radiation and Light Sources01:13

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Radiation and Light Sources

1.2K
Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) relies on the Beer-Lambert law, which requires that the radiation source emits a narrow range of wavelengths to match the absorption characteristics of the analyte atom. The primary criteria for choosing an appropriate radiation source in AAS is to provide a precise and intense emission at specific wavelengths that will allow accurate detection of the analyte.
Two common narrow-range 'line' sources used in AAS are hollow-cathode lamps (HCLs) and...
1.2K
Compacting Factor test01:22

Compacting Factor test

572
The compacting factor test is a method used to assess the workability of concrete. It is  especially suitable for concrete mixes containing aggregates up to one and a half inches in size. This test involves specialized equipment consisting of two truncated cone-shaped hoppers and a cylinder, all with polished interior surfaces to minimize friction.
The procedure begins by placing concrete into the upper hopper without any compaction. Once filled, the bottom door of this hopper is opened,...
572
Group Design02:01

Group Design

10.3K
The most basic experimental design involves two groups: the experimental group and the control group. The two groups are designed to be the same except for one difference— experimental manipulation. The experimental group gets the experimental manipulation—that is, the treatment or variable being tested—and the control group does not. Since experimental manipulation is the only difference between the experimental and control groups, we can be sure that any differences between...
10.3K
Fixed Action Patterns01:06

Fixed Action Patterns

17.6K
A fixed action pattern (FAP) is a specific, hard-wired sequence of behaviors that occurs in response to an external stimulus, called a sign stimulus. The behavior is “fixed” because it is essentially unchangeable—proceeding similarly across individuals of a species every time it occurs.
17.6K
Factorial Design02:01

Factorial Design

13.7K
Factorial Analysis is an experimental design that applies Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) statistical procedures to examine a change in a dependent variable due to more than one independent variable, also known as factors. Changes in worker productivity can be reasoned, for example, to be influenced by salary and other conditions, such as skill level. One way to test this hypothesis is by categorizing salary into three levels (low, moderate, and high) and skills sets into two levels (entry level...
13.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Avoiding the tip: spiral optics for robust high power beam shaping of Bessel beams.

Optics express·2025
Same author

Field curvature reduction in miniaturized high numerical aperture and large field-of-view objective lenses with sub 1 µm lateral resolution.

Biomedical optics express·2024
Same author

Reflective dual field-of-view optical system based on the Alvarez principle.

Applied optics·2023
Same author

Design and test of a rigid endomicroscopic system for multimodal imaging and femtosecond laser ablation.

Journal of biomedical optics·2023
Same author

Material-specific high-resolution table-top extreme ultraviolet microscopy.

Light, science & applications·2022
Same author

Extended aberration analysis in symmetry-free optical systems - part I: method of calculation.

Optics express·2021

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Applications for Open Source Microplate-Compatible Illumination Panels
08:48

Applications for Open Source Microplate-Compatible Illumination Panels

Published on: October 3, 2019

7.9K

Compact freeform illumination system design for pattern generation with extended light sources.

Christoph Bösel, Herbert Gross

    Applied Optics
    |May 3, 2019
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study introduces a novel double freeform lens system to generate sharp images from extended light sources, overcoming traditional blurring issues in illumination design. The new method enables compact, efficient freeform illumination systems for precise picture generation.

    More Related Videos

    Sample Preparation and Transfer Protocol for In-Vacuum Long-Wavelength Crystallography on Beamline I23 at Diamond Light Source
    10:32

    Sample Preparation and Transfer Protocol for In-Vacuum Long-Wavelength Crystallography on Beamline I23 at Diamond Light Source

    Published on: April 23, 2021

    3.2K
    Achieving Efficient Fragment Screening at XChem Facility at Diamond Light Source
    08:35

    Achieving Efficient Fragment Screening at XChem Facility at Diamond Light Source

    Published on: May 29, 2021

    7.0K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jan 25, 2026

    Applications for Open Source Microplate-Compatible Illumination Panels
    08:48

    Applications for Open Source Microplate-Compatible Illumination Panels

    Published on: October 3, 2019

    7.9K
    Sample Preparation and Transfer Protocol for In-Vacuum Long-Wavelength Crystallography on Beamline I23 at Diamond Light Source
    10:32

    Sample Preparation and Transfer Protocol for In-Vacuum Long-Wavelength Crystallography on Beamline I23 at Diamond Light Source

    Published on: April 23, 2021

    3.2K
    Achieving Efficient Fragment Screening at XChem Facility at Diamond Light Source
    08:35

    Achieving Efficient Fragment Screening at XChem Facility at Diamond Light Source

    Published on: May 29, 2021

    7.0K

    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Illumination Engineering
    • Freeform Optics Design

    Background:

    • Generating clear images with extended light sources in freeform illumination design is challenging due to blurring and reduced contrast.
    • Existing methods to mitigate blurring often require impractically large optical systems due to étendue conservation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose a novel design concept for compact and efficient freeform illumination systems capable of generating images from extended light sources.
    • To minimize pattern blurring and contrast reduction associated with extended sources in freeform optics.

    Main Methods:

    • A design concept combining a pattern-generating double freeform surface (calculated for zero étendue) with a telecentric projection system.
    • Analysis of pattern blurring as a combination of shift and distortion contributions.
    • Simultaneous minimization of blurring components through strategic placement of the object plane and minimizing the distance between freeform surfaces.

    Main Results:

    • A significant reduction in blurring was demonstrated, with an estimated 2% relative blurring extension for a designed system.
    • This contrasts sharply with the 23% blurring observed for a single freeform projector under similar conditions.
    • The design is independent of the light source's emission area shape and does not require complex wavefront representations.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed double freeform surface design effectively overcomes the limitations of extended light sources in freeform illumination.
    • This approach enables the creation of compact, energy-efficient illumination systems for high-quality picture generation.
    • The study highlights the importance of minimizing double freeform thickness for optimal blurring reduction.