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Dynamics of angular momentum-torque conversion in silicon waveguides.

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    We reveal how optical total angular momenta (TAM) and optical torque (OT) interact in silicon waveguides. Our findings show simultaneous evolution of spin and orbital angular momentum, crucial for light manipulation.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Materials Science (Silicon Photonics)

    Background:

    • Understanding the interplay between optical angular momenta and optical torque is crucial for advanced light manipulation technologies.
    • Birefringent waveguides offer unique properties for controlling light polarization and momentum transfer.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To theoretically analyze the relationship between optical total angular momenta (TAM) and optical torque (OT) in birefringent silicon waveguides.
    • To investigate the dynamic evolution of spin angular momentum (SAM) and orbital angular momentum (OAM) during light propagation.
    • To design and analyze a novel waveguide structure for efficient light chirality conversion and high optical torque generation.

    Main Methods:

    • Employed the vector angular spectrum method for theoretical analysis.
    • Simulated the dynamic evolutions of OT, TAM, SAM, and OAM.
    • Designed and numerically analyzed a three-layer waveguide structure for chirality conversion.

    Main Results:

    • Demonstrated the coexistence and simultaneous evolution of SAM and OAM in the waveguide.
    • Established a relationship between the OAM/TAM ratio, incident wavelength, and waveguide dimensions.
    • Showcased a three-layer waveguide design capable of converting light chirality and generating significant optical torque.

    Conclusions:

    • The study provides a refined theoretical framework for understanding angular momentum dynamics in silicon waveguides.
    • The proposed waveguide structure shows promise for applications requiring controlled light chirality and high optical torque.
    • This research contributes to the development of novel photonic devices for manipulating light properties.