Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Fixed Action Patterns01:06

Fixed Action Patterns

17.6K
A fixed action pattern (FAP) is a specific, hard-wired sequence of behaviors that occurs in response to an external stimulus, called a sign stimulus. The behavior is “fixed” because it is essentially unchangeable—proceeding similarly across individuals of a species every time it occurs.
17.6K
Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells01:12

Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells

3.0K
The skin is divided into epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, the skin's outermost, middle, and inner layers. The human epidermal layer regularly undergoes renewal, where old, dead cells are replaced by new cells. Epidermal stem cells or EpiSCs divide and differentiate to restore the lost cells. For the renewal process, some EpiSCs continuously self-renew. In contrast, few others differentiate into transit-amplifying cells, which later form prickle or spinous cells, followed by granular...
3.0K
Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells01:19

Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells

3.3K
Epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs) are mainly located at the basal layer of the epidermis. These cells repair minor injuries of the skin and replace dead skin cells. However, EpiSCs’ cannot heal severe wounds such as major burns or those from diabetes or hereditary disorders. In such cases, culturing the epidermal stem cells from the patient is possible and has yielded successful treatment options, such as laboratory-grown skin grafts. These grafts are synthesized using a patient’s own...
3.3K
Patterns of Fever01:26

Patterns of Fever

3.8K
Before understanding the types and patterns of fever, it is essential to know its phases.
3.8K
Oxygen Requirements and Growth Patterns01:29

Oxygen Requirements and Growth Patterns

1.2K
Microorganisms exhibit diverse oxygen requirements and growth patterns driven by their metabolic strategies and environmental adaptations. Oxygen, while essential for many organisms, can also be toxic under certain conditions, shaping how microorganisms grow and survive.Oxygen Requirements of MicroorganismsMicroorganisms are classified based on their ability to use or tolerate oxygen:● Obligate aerobes like Mycobacterium tuberculosis need oxygen for energy production, as it serves as the...
1.2K
Sustainable Development01:43

Sustainable Development

14.8K
As the human population continues to grow and use resources, we must be mindful of our planet’s natural limits. Sustainable development provides a pathway to maintain and improve human life now while also ensuring that future generations will have the resources that they need. The long-term success of sustainability efforts rests on understanding the interplay between human actions and ecological systems.
14.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Extreme triple oxygen isotope fractionation in <i>Equisetum</i>.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2025
Same author

Meristems clarify fuzzy floral boundaries: a commentary on 'Are capitula inflorescences? A reassessment based on flower-like meristem identity and ray flower development'.

Annals of botany·2025
Same author

Biosilicification in monocots: Comparative analysis highlights contrasting patterns of deposition.

American journal of botany·2025
Same author

Living jewels: iterative evolution of iridescent blue leaves from helicoidal cell walls.

Annals of botany·2024
Same author

Stomatal development and orientation: a phylogenetic and ecophysiological perspective.

Annals of botany·2023
Same author

Reproductive development of common buckwheat (<i>Fagopyrum esculentum</i> Moench) and its wild relatives provides insights into their evolutionary biology.

Frontiers in plant science·2023
Same journal

Correction to: Interspecific variation in resistance and tolerance to herbicide drift reveals potential consequences for plant community co-flowering interactions and structure at the agro-eco interface.

Annals of botany·2026
Same journal

Effects of nitrogen on floral scent and other reproductive traits in two closely related species of Ipomopsis and their hybrids.

Annals of botany·2026
Same journal

Advances in the HAK/KUP/KT Potassium Transporter Family in Regulating Na+/K+ Homeostasis and Salt Tolerance in Plants.

Annals of botany·2026
Same journal

The transition from outcrossing to selfing involve convergent patterns of flower trait covariation.

Annals of botany·2026
Same journal

The ever-elusive phylogenetic history of forest tree populations and species. A commentary on: 'Postglacial genetic legacies and climate-driven demography inform conservation of silver fir'.

Annals of botany·2026
Same journal

Correction to: Geographically proximate rare species exhibit strong population divergence while maintaining intraspecific genetic diversity in Homoranthus (Myrtaceae).

Annals of botany·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Identification of the Genes Involved in Stomatal Development via Epidermal Phenotype Scoring
05:22

Identification of the Genes Involved in Stomatal Development via Epidermal Phenotype Scoring

Published on: January 20, 2023

2.2K

Epidermal patterning and stomatal development in Gnetales.

Paula J Rudall1, Callie L Rice1,2

  • 1Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK.

Annals of Botany
|May 3, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Stomatal development in Ephedra differs from Gnetum and Welwitschia, resembling other gymnosperms. Epidermal prepatterning in Gnetales reflects their diverse growth habits and ecological adaptations.

Keywords:
EphedraGnetumWelwitschiaGnetalesprepatterningstomatal development

More Related Videos

Relating Stomatal Conductance to Leaf Functional Traits
11:09

Relating Stomatal Conductance to Leaf Functional Traits

Published on: October 12, 2015

19.7K
Assessing Stomatal Response to Live Bacterial Cells using Whole Leaf Imaging
07:03

Assessing Stomatal Response to Live Bacterial Cells using Whole Leaf Imaging

Published on: October 2, 2010

18.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Identification of the Genes Involved in Stomatal Development via Epidermal Phenotype Scoring
05:22

Identification of the Genes Involved in Stomatal Development via Epidermal Phenotype Scoring

Published on: January 20, 2023

2.2K
Relating Stomatal Conductance to Leaf Functional Traits
11:09

Relating Stomatal Conductance to Leaf Functional Traits

Published on: October 12, 2015

19.7K
Assessing Stomatal Response to Live Bacterial Cells using Whole Leaf Imaging
07:03

Assessing Stomatal Response to Live Bacterial Cells using Whole Leaf Imaging

Published on: October 2, 2010

18.9K

Area of Science:

  • Plant developmental biology
  • Evolutionary botany
  • Seed plant phylogeny

Background:

  • The Gnetales order, comprising Ephedra, Gnetum, and Welwitschia, exhibits significant morphological and ecological diversity.
  • These genera display contrasting adaptations, with Gnetum in mesic tropics and Ephedra/Welwitschia in arid environments.
  • Leaf morphology varies greatly, from reduced in Ephedra to broad laminae in Gnetum and strap-like in Welwitschia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate stomatal development and epidermal prepatterning in the Gnetales.
  • To understand the divergence among Ephedra, Gnetum, and Welwitschia.
  • To compare stomatal development in Gnetales with other seed plants.

Main Methods:

  • Microscopic examination of photosynthetic organs.
  • Utilized light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy.

Main Results:

  • All Gnetales genera possess lateral subsidiary cells (LSCs).
  • Ephedra LSCs are perigene; Gnetum and Welwitschia LSCs are mesogene, originating from the stomatal meristemoid.
  • Gnetum exhibits 'quartet' epidermal prepatterning, unlike Welwitschia's linear development, showing some angiosperm resemblance.

Conclusions:

  • Stomatal development in Ephedra is distinct from Gnetum and Welwitschia, aligning more with other gymnosperms.
  • Epidermal prepatterning patterns correlate with the distinct growth habits of the Gnetales genera.
  • These developmental differences contribute to the profound, heritable variations observed within the Gnetales order.