The Stereoacuity-Dependent Concordance between Preferred Fixating Eye and Sighting Dominant Eye in Paediatric...

Objective: To investigate if the concordance between sighting dominance and fixation preference depends on stereoacuity in children with intermittent exotropia (IXT). Methods: A total of 160 children (aged 7.24 ± 2.14 years, range 4-13 years) with the basic type of IXT at distance participated in the study. Binocular fusion and vergence were evaluated with synoptophore. Stereoacuity was assessed using the Titmus stereo test. The hole-in-the-card test was used to determine sighting dominance, while the eye of fixation preference was determined by the cover-uncover test. The chi-squared test was used to evaluate whether a distribution was different from the chance distribution. The Kappa value was computed to quantify the concordance between fixation preference and sighting dominance. Results: The mean deviations were 19 ± 4.58 prism diopters (PD) and 18.9 ± 4.47 PD for at distance and near, respectively. The mean amplitude of divergence was 5.34 ± 1.89 PD, and the mean amplitude of convergence was 14.08 ± 4.96 PD. Subjects were categorized as having either good (40-60 seconds of arc, n = 41), moderate (80-140 seconds of arc, n = 46), poor (≥ 200 seconds of arc, n = 45), or having no measurable stereoacuity (n = 28). The concordance between sighting dominance and fixation preference was high in subjects with good (Kappa = 0.858) or moderate (kappa = 0.812) stereoacuity, but it decreased quickly in subjects with poor stereoacuity (kappa = 0.496) or no stereopsis (kappa = 0.563). Conclusions: In pediatric patients with IXT, the concordance between sighting dominance and fixation preference depends on stereoacuity. The results from these two tests become increasingly incongruent as stereoacuity deteriorated.