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Related Concept Videos

Rolling Without Slipping01:09

Rolling Without Slipping

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People have observed the rolling motion without slipping ever since the invention of the wheel. For example, one can look at the interaction between a car's tires and the surface of the road. If the driver presses the accelerator to the floor so that the tires spin without the car moving forward, there must be kinetic friction between the wheels and the road's surface. If the driver slowly presses the accelerator, causing the car to move forward, the tires roll without slipping. It is...
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Rolling With Slipping01:14

Rolling With Slipping

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Rolling with slipping is a physical phenomenon that occurs when a rolling object experiences both rotational and linear motion but also experiences frictional forces that cause slipping. This phenomenon can occur in various situations, such as when a tire rolls on a wet road or a ball rolls on a rough surface.
An object's rolling motion is characterized by its rotation around its axis, while linear motion refers to the object's translational motion along a surface. Frictional forces can...
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Kinematic Equations - I01:26

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When an object moves with constant acceleration, the velocity of the object changes at a constant rate throughout the motion. The kinematic equations of motions are derived for such cases where the acceleration of the object is constant. The first kinematic equation gives an insight into the relationship between velocity, acceleration, and time. We can see, for example:
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Kinematic Equations - II01:17

Kinematic Equations - II

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The second kinematic equation expresses the final position of an object in terms of its initial position, the distance traveled with the initial constant velocity, and the distance traveled due to a change in velocity. Similar to the first kinematic equation, this equation is also only valid when the acceleration is constant throughout the motion of an object.
Suppose a car merges into freeway traffic on a 200 m long ramp. If its initial velocity is 10 m/s and it accelerates at 2 m/s2, then the...
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Kinematic Equations for Rotation01:30

Kinematic Equations for Rotation

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In mechanics, when one observes a rigid body in rotational motion with constant angular acceleration, it is possible to establish equations for its rotational kinematics. This process resembles how linear kinematics are dealt with in simpler motion studies.
For instance, imagine a point A on a rigid body engaged in circular motion. The translational velocity of this particular point can be calculated by taking the time derivatives of the displacement equation, which essentially measures the...
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Absolute and Local Extreme Values01:22

Absolute and Local Extreme Values

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The highest and lowest values of a function, relative to a reference axis, are known as extreme values. These include absolute maximum and absolute minimum values, which represent the highest and lowest points the function reaches across its entire domain. Within a restricted portion of the function, the highest and lowest values are referred to as local maximum and local minimum values, respectively.Periodic functions, such as sine and cosine, show extreme values at infinitely many points due...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Kinematic Analysis Using 3D Motion Capture of Drinking Task in People With and Without Upper-extremity Impairments
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Kinematic Analysis Using 3D Motion Capture of Drinking Task in People With and Without Upper-extremity Impairments

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Lower extremity kinematics during forward heel-slip.

Sukwon Kim1, Kyung-Sook Joo2, Jian Liu3

  • 1Department of Physical Education, College of Education, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea.

Technology and Health Care : Official Journal of the European Society for Engineering and Medicine
|May 3, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Understanding lower extremity kinematics during slips is key to preventing falls. This study analyzed leg and foot movements during forward heel-slips to identify critical recovery actions.

Keywords:
Forward heel slipfallleg kinematicssegment angles

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Last Updated: Jan 25, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Human Movement Analysis
  • Fall Prevention Research

Background:

  • Most fall interventions focus on general mobility or strength, neglecting specific recovery movements.
  • Identifying key muscle activations during slip recovery is crucial for targeted interventions.
  • Understanding lower extremity kinematics during forward heel-slips is under-researched.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate lower extremity joint rotations (ankle, knee, hip) during forward heel-slips.
  • Analyze changes in foot, shank, and thigh positions during slipping.
  • Inform the development of effective training and interventions for slip recovery.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzed 3D motion data from eight healthy adults (aged 24-68).
  • Computed sagittal angles of the foot, shank, and thigh.
  • Calculated the frontal thigh angle during unexpected slips.

Main Results:

  • Observed significant differences in lower extremity segment angles during slipping compared to normal walking.
  • Angular kinematics of the slipping leg segments deviated from typical walking patterns.
  • Specific kinematic changes highlight potential mechanisms contributing to falls.

Conclusions:

  • Angular kinematic differences during unexpected slips offer insights into fall causation.
  • The study identifies specific lower extremity movement patterns associated with slip-induced falls.
  • Findings can guide the design of targeted fall prevention strategies.