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Spatial power spectral density estimation using a Welch coprime sensor array processor.

Ian M Rooney1, John R Buck1

  • 1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, Massachusetts 02747, USA.

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|May 4, 2019
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new Welch overlapping segment averaging product (WOSA-product) processor for coprime sensor arrays (CSAs). It enhances passive direction of arrival estimation in sonar by reducing variance without needing more data.

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Area of Science:

  • Signal processing
  • Array signal processing
  • Underwater acoustics

Background:

  • Coprime sensor arrays (CSAs) offer reduced sensor count but increased variance in spatial power spectral density (PSD) estimation.
  • Nonstationary sonar environments limit increasing snapshots for variance reduction.
  • Existing methods like Bartlett and Welch improve variance at the cost of resolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose the Welch overlapping segment averaging product (WOSA-product) processor for CSAs.
  • To achieve unambiguous PSD estimates with improved variance for passive direction of arrival (DOA) estimation.
  • To analyze the statistical properties of the proposed WOSA-product processor.

Main Methods:

  • Development of the WOSA-product processor for coprime arrays.
  • Derivation of the first two moments of the spatial PSD estimate in closed-form for Gaussian processes.
  • Monte Carlo simulations to validate analytical results.

Main Results:

  • The WOSA-product processor provides unambiguous PSD estimates with reduced variance.
  • Analytical derivations for the first two moments are presented for white Gaussian processes.
  • Simulations confirm variance reduction and analyze trade-offs between segment length, resolution, and sidelobe levels.

Conclusions:

  • The WOSA-product processor effectively reduces variance in PSD estimation for CSAs.
  • This method is suitable for passive DOA estimation in challenging sonar environments.
  • The study provides a theoretical framework and simulation-based validation for the proposed technique.