Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Insufficient Sleep and Sleep Deprivation01:13

Insufficient Sleep and Sleep Deprivation

858
Insufficient sleep refers to not getting the recommended amount of sleep for optimal functioning, even if it's just slightly less than needed. Sleep insufficiency may occur due to lifestyle choices, such as staying up late for social events or work, resulting in routinely getting less sleep than required. For example, consistently sleeping 6 hours when the body needs 7-9 hours can lead to cumulative effects on health and well-being.
Sleep deprivation is a more severe form of sleep loss...
858
Trial and Error and Algorithm01:12

Trial and Error and Algorithm

403
A problem-solving strategy is a plan of action used to find a solution. Different strategies have distinct action plans. Trial and error involves trying different solutions until one works. For instance, to fix a broken printer, you might check ink levels, ensure the paper tray isn't jammed, and verify the printer's connection to your laptop. This method can be time-consuming but is commonly used. Thomas Edison, for example, used trial and error to find a suitable filament for the light...
403
Stages of Sleep01:22

Stages of Sleep

1.4K
Sleep progresses through distinct stages, each characterized by specific brain wave patterns and physiological responses ranging from wakefulness to stages of non-rapid eye movement, known as non-REM, to rapid eye movement, referred to as REM. Understanding these stages helps in recognizing how sleep supports various bodily and cognitive functions.
Before sleep begins, in wakefulness, the brain exhibits primarily beta waves, which are high in frequency and low in amplitude, indicating alertness...
1.4K
Understanding Sleep01:11

Understanding Sleep

1.4K
Sleep, an essential biological state, involves significant reductions in physical activity, sensory awareness, and interaction with the environment. This complex physiological process is primarily regulated by specific brain regions, notably the hypothalamus and pons, which govern the sleep-wake cycle or circadian rhythm.
The circadian rhythm, a nearly 24-hour cycle, is deeply influenced by environmental light cues. Light exposure directly affects the hypothalamus, which in turn regulates...
1.4K
Sleep Apnea01:21

Sleep Apnea

514
Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing stops intermittently during sleep, often leading to significant health issues. Each episode can last from 10 to 20 seconds or more and is frequently accompanied by a brief arousal from sleep. This disturbance, largely unnoticed by the individual, can lead to severe daytime fatigue. Commonly, individuals seek help after being informed by their partners about loud snoring and noticeable breathing pauses during sleep.
The condition is more prevalent among...
514
Cluster Sampling Method01:20

Cluster Sampling Method

14.2K
Appropriate sampling methods ensure that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population. Because measuring the entire population in a study is not practical, researchers use samples to represent the population of interest.
To choose a cluster sample, divide the population into clusters (groups) and then randomly select some of the clusters. All the members from these clusters are in the cluster sample. For example, if you randomly sample four departments from your...
14.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Orbitofrontal Epilepsies: Intracranial Electroencephalography and Surgical Aspects.

Journal of clinical neurophysiology : official publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society·2025
Same author

NREM sleep improves behavioral performance by desynchronizing cortical circuits.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2024
Same author

The brain-heart connection: Value of concurrent ECG and EEG recordings in epilepsy management.

Epilepsy & behavior reports·2024
Same author

The unforeseen future: Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on home video-EEG telemetry.

Epilepsia·2022
Same author

High-order interactions explain the collective behavior of cortical populations in executive but not sensory areas.

Neuron·2021
Same author

Neurophysiological brain mapping of human sleep-wake states.

Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology·2021

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Quantitative Measurement of the Immune Response and Sleep in Drosophila
12:16

Quantitative Measurement of the Immune Response and Sleep in Drosophila

Published on: December 4, 2012

15.9K

A Continuous Clustering Algorithm for Detection of Local Sleep in Humans.

Mircea I Chelaru1, Jeremy D Slater1

  • 1The Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical School at Houston (Chelaru, Slater); and the Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston (Slater).

The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences
|May 4, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This study found evidence of local sleep patterns occurring in the human brain even during wakefulness. Continuous analysis confirmed these focal changes, suggesting a more nuanced understanding of brain states.

Keywords:
Biological RhythmsNeurophysiologyResearch Design and MethodologySleep

More Related Videos

Isolation, Culture, and Imaging of Human Fetal Pancreatic Cell Clusters
08:09

Isolation, Culture, and Imaging of Human Fetal Pancreatic Cell Clusters

Published on: May 18, 2014

14.7K
Machine Learning Algorithms for Early Detection of Bone Metastases in an Experimental Rat Model
07:15

Machine Learning Algorithms for Early Detection of Bone Metastases in an Experimental Rat Model

Published on: August 16, 2020

7.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Quantitative Measurement of the Immune Response and Sleep in Drosophila
12:16

Quantitative Measurement of the Immune Response and Sleep in Drosophila

Published on: December 4, 2012

15.9K
Isolation, Culture, and Imaging of Human Fetal Pancreatic Cell Clusters
08:09

Isolation, Culture, and Imaging of Human Fetal Pancreatic Cell Clusters

Published on: May 18, 2014

14.7K
Machine Learning Algorithms for Early Detection of Bone Metastases in an Experimental Rat Model
07:15

Machine Learning Algorithms for Early Detection of Bone Metastases in an Experimental Rat Model

Published on: August 16, 2020

7.4K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Sleep Research
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • Animal models suggest EEG sleep features reflect local neuronal activity.
  • Previous human studies indicated focal cortical patterns during wakefulness, potentially linked to drowsiness.
  • Earlier work used binary clustering, possibly biasing results toward inactive states.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test if a continuous classifier overcomes limitations of binary clustering in identifying focal sleep patterns during wakefulness.
  • To re-analyze human EEG data using a fuzzy c-means algorithm.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of video-electrocorticographic recordings from six epilepsy patients with subdural grid electrodes.
  • Feature extraction and fuzzy c-means clustering to classify brain states moment-by-moment.
  • Assessment of instantaneous amplitude and frequency contributions to state classification.

Main Results:

  • Localized state changes consistent with local sleep during wakefulness were observed.
  • Both instantaneous frequency and amplitude contributed approximately equally to state classification.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides evidence for local sleep occurring in the human brain during the wake state.
  • Continuous classification analysis refines the understanding of focal brain activity patterns.