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Do fixed orthodontic appliances cause halitosis? A systematic review.
Salem Abdulraheem1,2, Liselotte Paulsson3, Sofia Petrén3
1Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, SE-20506, Malmö, Sweden. Dr.salemasad@hotmail.com.
BMC Oral Health
|May 4, 2019
Summary
Limited research indicates fixed orthodontic appliances may not cause halitosis. More high-quality randomized clinical trials are needed to confirm the impact of orthodontic treatment on breath odor.
Area of Science:
- Orthodontics
- Oral Health
- Halitosis Research
Background:
- Fixed orthodontic appliances are commonly used for dental alignment.
- The potential for these appliances to cause halitosis (bad breath) is a concern for patients.
- Different bracket systems may influence oral hygiene and breath odor.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review existing evidence on the link between fixed orthodontic appliances and halitosis.
- To investigate if various orthodontic bracket systems affect halitosis development.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) from PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library.
- Studies published before March 15, 2018, were included.
- Risk of bias and quality of evidence were assessed using established guidelines.
Main Results:
- Only three RCTs met the inclusion criteria out of 363 identified studies.
- The included studies exhibited a high risk of bias.
- The overall quality of evidence regarding halitosis and fixed orthodontic appliances was rated as very low.
Conclusions:
- Current scientific evidence is insufficient to conclude that fixed orthodontic appliances cause halitosis.
- Further well-designed RCTs with longer follow-up periods are necessary.
- Consensus on diagnostic criteria for halitosis is needed for future research.
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