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Health Risks in Disaster Responders: A Conceptual Framework.

Jyoti Khatri1, Gerard Fitzgerald1, Meen B Poudyal Chhetri2

  • 11.School of Public Health and Social Work,Queensland University of Technology,Brisbane,Australia.

Prehospital and Disaster Medicine
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Disaster relief workers and volunteers face significant physical and mental health risks. Understanding these risks and implementing mitigation strategies is crucial for their well-being.

Keywords:
PTSD posttraumatic stress disorderdisasterdisaster respondershealth outcomesvolunteers

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Area of Science:

  • Disaster medicine
  • Occupational health
  • Public health

Background:

  • Disasters severely disrupt communities, impacting not only those directly affected but also relief and recovery workers.
  • The physical and mental health of disaster responders, including volunteers, are significantly affected by their work.
  • Varied disaster types require tailored risk management and hazard reduction strategies during response and recovery phases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and analyze the existing literature on the health risks and injuries faced by disaster relief workers and volunteers.
  • To identify factors contributing to these health outcomes.
  • To explore potential mitigation strategies for enhancing the well-being of disaster responders.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review of published articles from 2010-2017 focusing on the relationship between disasters and the health of relief/recovery workers and volunteers.
  • Inclusion of 162 relevant studies for analysis.
  • Categorization of physical injuries and mental health impacts into immediate, short-term, and chronic conditions.

Main Results:

  • A limited number of studies were available, but most highlighted the dependency of injury nature and scope on disaster type and responder roles.
  • Environmental and socio-economic factors significantly influenced the health outcomes of disaster responders.
  • The review identified key stressors impacting the physical and mental health of these individuals.

Conclusions:

  • A conceptual framework was developed, illustrating critical elements affecting responder health.
  • Pre- and post-disaster risk mitigation approaches are recommended to reduce vulnerability.
  • Understanding identified stressors and their relationships is vital for protecting disaster responders' health.