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The different configurations of source-load connections include wye (star) and delta connections. The relationship between line and phase voltages and currents varies depending on the configuration. When the source is supplying power, it is transmitted through the wires to the load, and during this transmission, some power is absorbed by the wires, leading to line loss.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 25, 2026

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Information Loss Via Visual Assessment of Radiologic Images Using Modified Version of the Low-Contrast Detailed

Moshi Geso1, Salem Saeed Alghamdi2, Madeleine Shanahan1

  • 1School of Medical Sciences, Discipline of Medical Radiation, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences
|May 4, 2019
PubMed
Summary

A modified contrast-detail phantom improves radiology image quality assessment by providing a more realistic measure of total information loss (TIL) and image quality figure (IQF) in soft tissue imaging.

Keywords:
IQFcontrast-detail phantomdigital radiographyimage qualityimage quality figureinformation loss theory

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Area of Science:

  • Radiology
  • Medical Imaging
  • Information Theory

Background:

  • Radiology image quality is assessed by information retained or lost.
  • Information theory and contrast-detail (CD) phantoms are used to assess information loss.
  • This study compared a traditional air-Perspex CD phantom with a modified CD phantom.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the influence of CD phantom material on image quality measurements.
  • To determine if a modified CD phantom offers a more realistic assessment for soft tissue radiology.

Main Methods:

  • Six phantom radiographs were acquired using an Agfa DX-D 600 digital flat panel system.
  • Acquisitions were performed at 70 kVp and 20 mAs, with three images per phantom.
  • Both traditional and modified CD phantoms were utilized.

Main Results:

  • The material composition of the CD phantom significantly impacts total information loss (TIL) and image quality figure (IQF) measurements.
  • The modified CD phantom yielded more realistic TIL and IQF values for soft tissue imaging applications.
  • Differences in phantom material led to variations in quantitative image quality assessment.

Conclusions:

  • A modified CD phantom with low inherent subject contrast is recommended for radiology image quality assessment.
  • Incorporating this modified phantom into quality assessment processes can enhance evaluation accuracy.
  • Utilizing both IQF and TIL provides robust data for radiology departments' decision-making.