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Related Concept Videos

Secondary Motives: Power Motivation and Achievement Motivation01:27

Secondary Motives: Power Motivation and Achievement Motivation

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Power motivation and achievement motivation are two essential social motives identified by psychologist David McClelland. These motives influence behavior in various personal and professional contexts, shaping how individuals interact with others and pursue their goals.
Power motivation is characterized by the desire to influence, control, or have an impact on others. It is shaped by an individual's experiences, social environment, and cultural context. People with high power motivation are...
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Secondary Motives: Affiliation Motivation and Aggression Motivation01:21

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Affiliation motivation is the intrinsic desire to connect with others and belong to a social group, which plays a crucial role in forming and maintaining personal relationships. This type of motivation is essential for psychological well-being, as it provides individuals with a sense of community and support. An example of this is a student who joins a study group in order to feel a sense of connection. People with high affiliation motivation actively seek social approval, take satisfaction in...
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Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Motivational Cycle01:20

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The motivational cycle is a key concept that explains how individuals are motivated to meet their needs. At its core, the cycle revolves around four distinct stages: need, drive, goal-directed behavior, and goal achievement. These stages respond to imbalances in the body or mind, prompting actions that restore balance.
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Cognitive bias results from limitations in thinking and information processing, leading to systematic errors in judgment. Conversely, motivational bias stems from personal desires or emotions, causing distortions in perception to align with self-interest. Motivational bias influences how individuals perceive and attribute causes to events, often shaped by personal needs, goals, and self-esteem preservation. This bias can distort judgment, leading to inaccurate assessments of success, failure,...
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The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which its vapor pressure is equal to ambient atmospheric pressure. Since the vapor pressure of a solution is lowered due to the presence of nonvolatile solutes, it stands to reason that the solution’s boiling point will subsequently be increased. Vapor pressure increases with temperature, and so a solution will require a higher temperature than will pure solvent to achieve any given vapor pressure, including one...
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Motivation and cognitive control in depression.

Ivan Grahek1, Amitai Shenhav2, Sebastian Musslick3

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This study proposes a mechanistic model for cognitive control deficits in depression, linking them to impaired motivation and decision-making processes. Understanding this connection offers new insights into depression

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Computational Psychiatry
  • Affective Neuroscience

Background:

  • Depression is associated with significant cognitive control deficits.
  • Existing models lack a mechanistic explanation for these cognitive impairments in depression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a unifying framework explaining cognitive control deficits in depression.
  • To connect motivational and cognitive processes within a mechanistic model.

Main Methods:

  • Review of depression-related motivational impairments.
  • Integration of cognitive neuroscience models of decision-making and cognitive control allocation.
  • Application of computational models of cognitive control.

Main Results:

  • Identified key motivational deficits contributing to cognitive control impairments.
  • Developed a framework linking motivation, decision-making, and cognitive control in depression.
  • Provided a mechanistic understanding of cognitive deficits in depression.

Conclusions:

  • Motivational deficits play a crucial role in cognitive control impairments observed in depression.
  • The proposed framework offers a novel mechanistic perspective on depression-related cognitive dysfunction.
  • This model can inform future research and therapeutic interventions for cognitive deficits in depression.