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Related Concept Videos

Pericarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:19

Pericarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

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Pericarditis is distinguished by inflammation of the pericardium, the fibrous sac that encases the heart. It can be acute, lasting less than six weeks, or chronic, persisting for over three months. Understanding its clinical manifestations and diagnostic findings is crucial for timely and effective management.Clinical ManifestationsWhile pericarditis can be asymptomatic, it usually presents with characteristic symptoms such as:Chest Pain: The most characteristic symptom of pericarditis is chest...
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Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests01:27

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Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder that leads to the thickening and narrowing of arterial walls due to plaque buildup. This condition can cause various symptoms depending on the arteries affected:Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): This condition affects the coronary arteries and may lead to chest pain (angina), shortness of breath (dyspnea), heart attacks, and other heart disease symptoms.Cerebrovascular Disease: This affects blood flow to the brain, causing transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)...
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Aneurysm II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:21

Aneurysm II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

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Thoracic, aortic arch and abdominal aneurysms are significant vascular conditions that can present with various clinical manifestations and lead to serious complications. Understanding these manifestations and the appropriate diagnostic studies is essential for effective management and treatment.Thoracic Aortic AneurysmsThoracic aortic aneurysms often remain asymptomatic until they reach a size that impinges on adjacent structures. They typically cause deep, diffuse chest pain that radiates to...
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Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:27

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Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle. The symptoms vary widely, encompassing asymptomatic presentations to severe, acute manifestations.Clinical PresentationAsymptomatic cases: In some instances, myocarditis may be asymptomatic, with the infection resolving without intervention. These cases often go undetected unless discovered incidentally through diagnostic imaging or tests conducted for other reasons.General Early Symptoms: Early symptoms of myocarditis are non-specific and can...
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Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

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Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a valvular heart disorder in which the mitral valve fails to close tightly, allowing blood to leak backward into the heart. Understanding the clinical manifestations, assessment, diagnostic findings, and medical management of MR is crucial to effectively managing affected patients.Clinical Manifestations of Mitral RegurgitationMitral regurgitation can be acute or chronic, each presenting differently and requiring different approaches:1. Acute Mitral...
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Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:30

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Hypertension is asymptomatic and also referred to as the "silent killer" until it progresses to a severe stage or causes target organ disease. Patients may experience symptoms stemming from the strain on blood vessels and tissues in various organs or the heart's increased workload.Physical exams might show no abnormalities other than high blood pressure. Signs of vascular damage, when present, correspond to the organs supplied by the affected vessels, leading to target organ damage. For...
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Related Experiment Video

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Bead Based Multiplex Assay for Analysis of Tear Cytokine Profiles
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Multiplexing cytokine analysis: towards reducing sample volume needs in clinical diagnostics.

Xiaowen Yu1, Daniel Scott, Emre Dikici

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136, USA. sdaunert@med.miami.edu.

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This study introduces a novel two-dimensional approach to enhance bioluminescent (BL) protein multiplexing for disease diagnostics. The method enables simultaneous detection of three biomarkers in a single sample, improving diagnostic capabilities.

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Biomedical Diagnostics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Accurate disease diagnostics rely on measuring multiple biomarkers in patient samples.
  • Bioluminescent (BL) proteins offer sensitive, low-concentration detection but have limited multiplexing capabilities.
  • Current BL multiplexing methods are restricted, often enabling only dual-analyte detection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an advanced multiplexing strategy for bioluminescent proteins.
  • To expand the simultaneous detection capacity beyond dual analytes.
  • To enable rapid, sensitive, and affordable detection of multiple biomarkers in small sample volumes.

Main Methods:

  • Engineered aequorin (AEQ) variants with altered emission profiles and decay kinetics using site-specific mutations and semi-synthetic coelenterazines.
  • Developed a two-dimensional detection approach combining temporal and spatial resolution.
  • Created AEQ-labeled pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-8) for simultaneous detection in a single well using distinct time/wavelength windows.

Main Results:

  • Successfully demonstrated simultaneous detection of three separate analytes (cytokines) in a single sample.
  • Achieved differentiation of analytes through unique emission profiles and decay kinetics of engineered AEQ variants.
  • Validated the assay in human serum samples, showing comparable results to individual commercial tests.

Conclusions:

  • The developed two-dimensional approach significantly enhances the multiplexing capability of bioluminescent proteins.
  • This method allows for the simultaneous detection of three distinct biomarkers, overcoming previous limitations.
  • The findings pave the way for more comprehensive and efficient biomarker panel detection in clinical diagnostics.